《大气污染防治法(修订草案)》第四十五条正当性审视

The Legitimacy Examination of Article 45 of Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (Revised Draft)

中文关键词:  机动车限行  基本权利  法律保留  比例原则

英文关键词:restriction to vehicles use  fundamental rights  legal reservation  Proportionality principle

中文摘要:

      第十二届全国人大常委会第十二次会议初次审议了国务院提请审议的《大气污染防治法(修订草案)》,修订草案第四十五条拟授权省、自治区和直辖市人民政府可以采取机动车限行措施,其正当性引起社会的激烈讨论.机动车限行涉及公民所有权的限制,授权的合法性与正当性应受到公法上法律保留原则和比例原则的审查.草案第四十五条未区分高排放与低排放机动车、常态限制与临时限制,模糊地授权地方立法,不符合法律创设的目的性及必要性要求,第四十五条必须进一步明确授权范围.

英文摘要:

      Revised draft of Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution was deliberated on the12th meeting of the 12th session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. Its Article 45 intends to authorize provincial-level local governments to adopt the measures of restricting vehicles'use. It is fully aware by the public and hotly discussed in society because it completely relates to civil rights. This paper argued that the authorization of the Article 45 in the revised draft is not abided by the basic principles of administrative law -legal reservation and proportionality. It is suggested that Article 45 of the revised draft should introduce the regulation measures distinguishing high-emission and low-emission vehicles, vaguely authorized local legislation and normal restrictions and temporary restrictions in terms of vehicles use, in order that the environmental rights and civil rights of the citizens keep consistent.