论独立环境监察执法体制与机制的建构

Construction of System and Mechanism of the Independent Environmental Supervision and Law Enforcement

中文关键词:  生态环境  独立环境监察执法体制  内涵  机制

英文关键词:ecological environment  independent environmental supervision and law enforcement  contents  mechanism

中文摘要:

      通过实证考察可知,目前我国环境监察执法体制有自身的特点,同时也存在一些缺陷,制约了生态环境执法的有效性。独立环境监察执法体制是应对执法困境的良药,该体制具有特殊的内涵,其既具有理论基础也具有政策依据。在分析域外环境执法的经验基础上,针对我国环境执法体制存在的问题,独立环境监察执法体制与机制的建构应当遵循以下路径。首先,独立环境监察执法体制与机制的建构应当遵循合法、效能与环境执法特殊性相契合的原则。其次,建议通过保障组织机构的独立,扩充环保部门的权力,加强环境执法的财政保障以及确立环境执法的独立责任等措施构建起独立环境监察执法体制。再次,通过规范的程序机制、确立综合协调机制、强化责任追究机制、协调激励和制约机制、优化公众参与机制、探索建立环保警察制度等措施完善环境监察执法机制。最后,独立环境监察执法体制与机制需要法律保障。

英文摘要:

      Through empirical investigation,we found that the system of environmental law enforcement has its own characteristics,but also has some defects,which restricted the effectiveness of law enforcement on the ecological environment.Independent system of environmental supervision and law enforcement is the good medicine to the law enforcement difficulties,which has a special meaning,and has both theoretical basis and policy basis.Based on analyzing the foreign environmental law enforcement experience,and aiming at the existing problems of China's environmental law enforcement system,we put forward suggestions about system and mechanism of an independent environmental supervision and law enforcement.First of all,the construction of independent environmental law enforcement system and mechanism should follow the principles of legality,effectiveness and coordinate with the particularity of environmental law enforcement.Secondly,to build up independent environmental supervision and law enforcement system,we should ensure the independence of organizations,expand the power of environmental protection agency,strengthen the financial security and establish independent responsibility of environmental law enforcement.Thirdly,it's necessary to improve the environment law enforcement mechanism through standardized procedure mechanism,establishment of the comprehensive coordination mechanism,strengthening the responsibility assigning mechanism,incentive and restriction mechanism,optimization of public participation mechanism,exploring to establish a system for environmental police.Finally,the independent environmental law enforcement system and mechanism need legal protection.