发达国家和地区危险废物名录管理实践

Practice of Hazardous Waste List Management in Developed Countries and Regions

中文关键词:  危险废物  名录  管理实践

英文关键词:hazardous waste  list  management practice

中文摘要:

      危险废物名录制度是危险废物环境管理的基础。2016年6月14日，环境保护部、国家发改委、公安部联合公布了《国家危险废物名录》（2016年版），对2008年版危险废物名录进行了调整。本文介绍了主要发达国家和地区危险废物名录制度的基本情况，对其优缺点进行了对比分析，以期为更好的理解新版危险废物名录提供参考。主要发达国家和地区的危险废物名录管理体系具有以下优点：一是完善的危险废物豁免排除制度加强了企业和管理部门的责任意识。二是危险废物和一般固体废物共享分类体系便于对废物的统筹管理，废物代码内容翔实，增加了名录的可操作性。三是基于不同处理责任主体进行分类，避免了名录方式或列举方式造成的“漏分”现象。四是根据环境风险实行分级管理，重点突出。同时存在几点不足：一是鉴别程序繁琐，降低了危险废物处置效率；二是存在部分行业产生的废物遗漏、同类危险废物分类过细等问题；三是部分国家危险废物分类过于笼统，不利于企业对危险废物种类及属性的识别。

英文摘要:

      Hazardous Waste List system is the foundation for environmental management of hazardous waste. In June 14, 2016, the Hazardous Wastes List (2016 edition) was jointly issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection, National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Public Security, which was the enhanced version of Hazardous Waste List (2008 edition). In order to provide a reference for better understanding the new version, this article descripts the basic situation of hazardous waste list systems in major developed countries and regions, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed as well. On one hand, the advantages of the Hazardous Waste List system in major developed countries and regions are as follows:First, a well served hazardous waste exemption and exclusion system can strengthen the responsibility sense of enterprise and administrative department. Second, the general solid waste and hazardous waste are shared with the same classification system and detailed coding, which will bring advantages and conveniences to the integrated waste management and increases the feasibility and operability of the Hazardous Waste List. Third, developed countries' codes are based on a responsibility classification, which will avoid the missing and duplicate of hazardous waste entries. Fourth, it is a clean and fast way to adopt the environmental management by different levels of risk. On the other hand, these lists also have several disadvantages:First, the identification procedures are long and complex, reducing the treatment efficiency of hazardous waste disposal; Second, the missing of supervision to waste generated in particular industries, as well as some trivial classifications of hazardous waste, are still problems; Third, parts of countries' hazardous waste list are too generally to be classified, which are hard to guide the hazardous waste businesses and enterprises.