结合《土壤污染防治行动计划》探讨中国土壤环境监管制度与标准值体系建设

A Preliminary Study on Development of Soil Environmental Management and Environmental Standards System in China in Accordance with the SPPCAP

中文关键词:  土壤  环境管理  环境标准  风险管控  土壤修复  土壤环境背景

英文关键词:soil  environmental management  environmental standards  risk control  soil remediation  soil environmental background

中文摘要:

      2016年，中国国务院印发《土壤污染防治行动计划》（简称《土十条》），明确提出对农用地土壤实施分类管理，按照污染程度划分为优先保护类、安全利用类和严格管控类；对建设用地要防范新增污染，针对疑似污染地块，开展土壤环境状况调查评估，保障地块安全再利用；以影响农产品质量和人居环境安全的突出环境问题为重点，制定土壤污染治理与修复规划，组织开展治理与修复。实施严格的土壤环境质量保护、污染土壤的风险管控、高风险污染土壤的治理与修复是落实《土十条》的重要任务，也是建设我国土壤环境监管制度的重要内容。土壤环境标准是实施土壤环境管理的重要依据。本文基于《土十条》重要任务以及当前及今后一段时期国家土壤环境管理需求，以土壤环境管理需求为导向，探讨提出了包括土壤环境质量保护标准值、土壤环境风险管控标准值、污染土壤修复标准值的土壤环境标准值体系，可望为国家土壤环境标准体系的建立和标准制修订方法的发展提供技术参考。

英文摘要:

      In 2016, the State Council of the P.R. China issued the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (the "Soil Ten Measures", SPPCAP). For agricultural soils, SPPCAP clearly put forward management by classification, i.e. soils to be protected at priority, soils to be safely used and soils to be strictly controlled, according to levels of contamination. For construction land, SPPCAP proposed to prevent new pollution. For suspiciously contaminated soils/plots, it is required to carry out soil environmental investigation and assessment to ensure the safe reuse of land. It is proposed to develop soil pollution control and remediation plan by putting emphasis on prominent environmental issues such as the impacts on quality of agricultural products and environmental safety of residential land. To enforce strict soil environmental quality protection, risk control of contaminated soil, and remediation of contaminated soils at high risk are key tusks to implement SPPCAP, and important for development of the soil environmental management institutions. Soil environmental standards are the important basis for implementation of soil environmental management. This paper performed a preliminary study on establishment of soil environmental standards system, including soil environmental quality protection standards, soil environmental risk control standards, soil remediation standards, based on important tasks of SPPCAP and urgent management needs at present and in the near future.The outcome of thisstudy is expected to provide technical reference for the establishment of national soil environmental standard system and methods for deriving soil environmental standards.