铅酸电池行业环保专项行动的环境与经济影响研究

Evaluating Effect of Environmental Protection Special Action against Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing Industry on Environment and Economy

中文关键词:  环境与发展  重金属污染  绿色发展  政策评估  环境管理

英文关键词:environment and development  heavy metal pollution  green development  policy evaluation  environmental management

中文摘要:

      “十五”以来，我国涉重行业高速发展，造成了严重的重金属污染和多起群体性污染事故。从2009年起，环保部等九部委连续四年对重金属排放企业违法排污行为进行环保专项行动。本文以2011年铅蓄电池行业环保专项行动为例，分析重金属污染治理的环境影响、经济影响和社会影响。专项行动对行业短期赢利能力和中小企业就业有一定负面影响，但是显著改善了行业产能利用率，提升了行业整体技术水平，提高了产业集中度，促进了空间布局向工业园区、向东部地区集中。总体来看，铅蓄电池行业环保专项行动达到了预期的环境和经济目标，行业发展从高增长、高代价的“非常态”模式进入相对可持续的中高速、低代价的“新常态”。“十三五”期间，要实现经济中高速增长和环境质量总体改善的双重目标，必须加强对高污染行业的环境管理。将行政执法与刑事执法紧密衔接，通过提高企业违法成本从源头遏制违法排污行为；根据污染企业的空间布局建设相应的环保机构，加强农村地区的环保能力；在欠发达地区要保持经济规划、城镇规划和环境规划的一致性，在区域协调发展过程中实现绿色发展。

英文摘要:

      Industries emitting heavy-metal pollutants have grown fast since 2000, which caused severe heavy-metal pollution and quite a few group accidents in China. The Ministry of Environmental Protection, together with the other eight ministries, has taken Environmental Protection Action (EPA) against heavy-metal emitting industries since 2009, which last four years. This paper evaluated the effect of EPA in lead acid battery manufacturing industry on environment and economy in 2011. EPA reduced profit rate and employment in middle-and-small enterprises while significantly improved industrial capacity utilization, whole technical level, concentration ratio, and spatial agglomeration in industrial park and eastern areas. Generally this program has reached the expected environmental and economic aims, which sustained from mode of high-growth-at-highcost to mode of medium-or-high-growth-at-low-cost. It suggested that during the 13th Five-Year period, it's quite necessary to strengthen environmental management on heavy pollution industries to realize both medium or high speed growth and overall improvement on environment quality. Firstly government should combine administrative enforcement of law with criminal enforcement of law which increases the cost of violation of law and hence prevents the polluters from emitting pollutant illegally from the very beginning; secondly, establish new environmental agencies where polluting enterprises agglomerate in rural areas; thirdly, economic plans should be made synchronously with municipal and environmental planning in less developed areas, and achieve green development through balanced development among different regions.