德国空间规划战略环境评价的法律界定以及对我国的启示

Legal Requirements of Strategic Environmental Assessment in German Spatial Planning and Its Inspirations

中文关键词:  德国  空间规划  战略环境评价  法律要求  有效性

英文关键词:Germany  spatial planning  strategic environmental assessment  legal requirements  effectiveness

中文摘要:

      空间规划是国际上战略环境评价应用较为活跃的领域之一，但在我国，无论是空间规划还是空间规划环评，均处于探索和研究阶段。本文从德国空间规划法入手，着重分析空间规划法对战略环境评价的具体要求，旨在为我国今后空间规划开展战略环评提供制度上的参考。文章重点研究了screening、scoping、层级评价、环境报告、部门咨询、公众参与、决策考虑和跟踪评价等8项有利于提高战略环境评价有效性的主要议题。研究认为，德国的空间规划战略环境评价通过制度保障实施，采用规划部门主导、其他相关部门辅助的模式，使得规划制定与战略环评实施可以有效结合，提倡经济型、节约型和务实性的环境评价，重视战略环评结果，倡导透明决策。

英文摘要:

      Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has already intensively been applied in international spatial planning systems, however, this research in China is still in process and it is urgent and necessary to learn from countries with comprehensive experiences in this field. Focusing on the German spatial planning law, this article aims to analyse the legal requirements on SEA in Germany. Main issues include screening, scoping, tiering, environmental report, authority consultation, public participation, decision making and monitoring, which have been considered important to enhance the effectiveness of SEA. The results shows that by integrating the legal requirements on SEA into the national spatial planning law, the German SEA employs the self-assessment mode, where the planning authorities play the dominant role with supporting by other relative departments. This mode can be beneficial to achieve the effective integration of plan formulation with SEA, and fulfill an economic, cost-saving and practical assessment.