我国污染源监管业务流程研究

Study on the Process of Pollution Source Supervision in China

中文关键词:  污染源  监管  排污许可证

英文关键词:pollution source  supervision  discharge permit

中文摘要:

      本文通过梳理我国污染源监管的历史沿革和日益严峻的环境污染问题，理清我国现阶段在污染源整个生命周期的不同阶段由不同环境部门主导的污染源监管模式和在此模式下形成的数出多源的数据库基本情况。从时间、空间、参与者三个角度分析该模式的缺点，针对环境统计、排污申报、排污收费等多个污染源数据库进行分析比较，列表找出各自数据的特点。通过分析指出我国污染源管理存在的不足，主要体现在污染源信息管理碎片化、多元化，数据互通性差，难以实现交换和共享，导致环境部门数据可靠性不高，信息公开不全面，社会公信力缺失。究其根本原因是我国目前缺乏一整套统一的、紧密衔接的污染源协同监管模式以及顺畅的污染源全过程管理数据流程。文章从实行排污许可证一证式管理制度、污染源企业报告制度、信息公开制度、加强违法处罚力度和完善企业环境信用等方面提出政策建议。

英文摘要:

      In this article, through combing the historical evolution of pollution sources supervision and the increasingly serious environmental pollution problems in China, the current pollution source supervision modes of different leading environmental agencies in each stages of the entire pollution life cycle, and the related multisource databases status were clarified. The disadvantage of current modes was analyzed from aspects of time, space and participant, and then the characteristics of different databases such as environmental statistics, pollution discharge declarations and charges were found out. The results showed that the deficiency of pollution source management in China mainly lies in fragmentation and diversification of sources information management, short of data interoperability and difficult to exchanging and sharing, which lead to an ineffective environmental information disclosure. The fundamental reason is that there is no uniform co-regulatory sources control mode in China. Suggestions for the pollutant discharge permit management system, pollution sources report system, information disclosure system, and strengthening the illegal punishment and improving the credit enterprise environment were put forward.