生态环境损害赔偿:概念界定、理论基础与制度框架

Eco-environmental Damage Compensation: Defnition of Concept, Theoretical Basis and System Frame

中文关键词:  生态环境损害  赔偿  概念  理论  制度

英文关键词:eco-environmental damage  compensation  concept  theory  system

中文摘要:

      生态环境损害不同于环境污染或生态破坏导致的人身、财产损害，是环境污染或生态破坏行为引发的区域环境质量下降或生态功能退化等重大不利改变，其实质是个体经济利益对公共环境利益的侵蚀所造成的“外部不经济性”。生态环境损害赔偿是使“外部不经济性内部化”的过程，需采用公法手段综合利用政府、市场和社会三种方式使责任者承担修复或赔偿相应修复费用的责任。生态环境损害赔偿的核心在于赋予特定主体代表公共环境利益进行索赔的权利，并以此为逻辑起点构建生态环境损害赔偿的制度框架。生态环境损害赔偿制度框架由本体与配套制度构成，本体制度包括生态环境损害赔偿的内容与范围、索赔主体、生态环境损害赔偿的协商与诉讼程序，配套制度包括生态环境损害评估、社会化责任分担机制，以及生态环境损害赔偿的公众参与制度。

英文摘要:

      The eco-environmental damage is different from the personal and property damage caused by environmental pollution or ecological damage. It is the regional environmental degradation or deterioration of ecological functions and other major adverse changes caused by the environmental pollution or ecological damage. The essence of eco-environmental damage is the "external diseconomy" caused by the erosion of the economic interests of the individual to the public environmental interests. Eco-environmental damage compensation is the process of "internalization of external diseconomy", using public law means such as the comprehensive utilization of government, market and society mechanism to make the responsible person undertake the responsibility for remediation or compensation. The core of eco-environmental damage compensation is to authorize some specific subjects representing the public environmental interests to institute legal proceedings, and this is used as the logical starting point to build the framework of eco-environmental damage compensation system. The framework is composed of the body system and the supporting system, the body system includes the content and scope of compensation, the claim subject of compensation, as well as the negotiation and litigation procedure of compensation, the supporting system includes environmental damage assessment, socialization of responsibility, as well as public participation.