大数据在环境技术进步中的应用

The Application of Big Data in Environmental Technology Progress

中文关键词:  大数据  环境管理  技术进步

英文关键词:big data  environmental management  technical progress

中文摘要:

      我国环境污染日益严重，政府加大环境保护力度势在必行，科学、有效的环境管理对保护环境、提高环境质量起着重要的作用。环境技术进步是环境管理有效且持久的驱动力，但是，环境技术进步的测度方法一直未能实现普适性。本文首先综述了技术进步对改善环境质量的重要性，在此基础上，阐述了各学者对技术进步和偏向型技术进步测量方法的探究。然后介绍了大数据在环境管理中的应用，在其应用经验的基础上，将其引入环境技术测度领域。大数据在该领域的应用为环境偏向型技术进步的测度提供了新的契机，同时，大数据的应用也增加了研究的困难性。最后，基于偏向型技术进步之间的矛盾，提出最优环境技术的理念。通过利用大数据，可以合理测度偏向型技术进步，实现生产偏向型技术进步和环境偏向型技术进步的合理配比，找出可以兼顾高产出和低污染物排放量的最优偏向型技术进步模式。并进一步结合各区域的差异性和关联性，能够测算出区域最优偏向型技术进步模式，找到有效的环境管理方式，为环境管理者与政策制定者提供合理参考。

英文摘要:

      With the increasingly serious environmental pollution in China, the government is imperative to intensify environmental protection efforts. Besides, scientific and effective environmental management plays an important role in protecting environment and improving environmental quality. Environmental technology progress is an effective and lasting driving force for environmental management, but its measurement method has not been able to achieve universal. The importance of technological progress in improving environmental quality was summarized in this paper, on the basis of that, the researches of many scholars on measurement methods of the technical progress and biased technical progress were expounded. Then, the paper introduced the application of big data in environmental management, on the basis of its application experience, big data was introduced to the field of environmental technology measurement, which provides a new opportunity for the measurement of environmental biased technology progress. Meanwhile, the application of big data also increases the difficulty of research. Finally, based on the contradiction between the biased technological progresses, the concept of optimal environmental technology was put forward. By making use of big data, biased technical progress can be reasonable measured and then reasonable ratio of production biased technology progress and environmental bias technology progress could be realized. In addition, optimal biased technical progress pattern, which can take into account the high output and low pollutant emissions could be obtained. Combined with the regional differences and association, regional optimal biased technical progress pattern could be calculated. Thereby, an effective way of environmental management was found, which provides a reasonable reference for the environmental managers and policy makers.