我国居民消费对环境的影响

The Influence of Residents' Consumption on Environment in China

中文关键词:  节能低碳  STIRPAT 模型  消费  环境保护

英文关键词:energy saving low carbon  STIRPAT model  consumption  environmental protection

中文摘要:

      现阶段，我国居民经济能力提高，出现了浪费型消费与攀比型消费，加上日益增长的人口数量，形成了一个巨大的“吞噬环境圈”。为了研究消费对环境的影响，本文立足于消费对碳排放量的影响，构建了STIRPAT模型，分析了人口数、城市化率、人均消费量、碳排放强度对碳排放总量的影响；得出了城市化率对碳排放量具有明显增加作用的结论；计算了人口数、城市化率、人均消费量的增长对碳排放增长量的贡献率，得出了人口数和人均消费量的变化对碳排放量的变化也有显著影响的结论；描述了我国五类消费品的增长情况；提出了消费方式从个人到企业，再到政府，最后到世界的转变过程与转变消费方式的路径，包括建立绿色GDP核算体系、进行绿色城市化、继续降低碳排放强度、加强教育和宣传以改变现存消费观、利用行政和法律实现节能低碳消费方式、重视新型能源技术的开发、拓展利用资源的广度和深度、加强国际交流与合作；最后，总结了改变物质主义价值取向和行为规范，完善绿色产品及基础设施的供给需要注意的三个方面。

英文摘要:

      In the era of energy saving and low carbon, the economic ability of China residents has enhanced, accordingly the wasteful consumption and comparing consumption has occurred. Combined with the increasing population, a huge circle of “devour the environment” was formed. In order to study the effect of consumption on the environment, through the influence of consumption on carbon emissions, a STIRPAT model was constructed for analyzing the influence equation of the population number, urbanization rate, per capita consumption and carbon intensity on the total carbon emissions; The conclusion that the urbanization rate have significant increasing effect on carbon emissions was obtained. The contribution of population, urbanization rate, per capita consumption's growth to carbon emissions growth was calculated, concluded that the changes of population and consumption have significant effect on the change of carbon emissions. The growth of five consumer goods categories in China was described. The transition of consumption pattern and the path of the consumption mode transformation were proposed, from individual to enterprises to the government, and finally to the world, including: establish green GDP accounting system, green urbanization, continue to reduce the carbon intensity, strengthen education and propaganda to change the existing consumption concept, use administrative and legal measures to achieve the energy saving and low carbon consumption patterns, pay attention to the new energy technologies development, expand the scope and depth of the resources utilization, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation. Finally, three aspects to change of materialism value orientation and behavior standards, improve the supply of green products and infrastructure were summarized.