我国应急事故水池现状剖析与改进的研究

Research on the Current Situation of Emergency Accident Pool and Its Improving Suggestions in China

中文关键词:  应急事故水池  功能  布局  容积

英文关键词:emergency accident pool  function  layout  volume

中文摘要:

      通过统计分析国家和行业标准以及现场勘察发现，目前在应急事故水池的定义、功能、布局、类型、容积、消防历时和降雨量等方面存在许多问题，也无法满足突发环境事件中各种污水的收集与处理。因此，应尽快研究并制定适用于各类企事业单位、工业园区的应急事故水池技术规范。研究表明：凡是生产、使用、储存危险化学品和环境风险物质并且所排放的污染物可能造成环境质量显著下降、危及公众身体健康的企事业单位，均应设置应急事故水池。应急事故水池应具有永久性、专一性、自流式、池容大、防腐蚀、防渗漏等基本属性。消防历时对应急事故水池容积的影响最大，一般应取最大设计值。对应急事故水池容积影响较大的最大降雨量，应参考最大设计消防历时或按8 ～ 12h的降雨量统计计算。工业园区应急事故水池应选择在便于收集的地势低洼之处，其容积应充分考虑近年来实际案例的消防水量。而构建企业间联用和工业园区公共应急事故水池三级防御体系，才能更有效地应对突发水污染事件。

英文摘要:

      In China, the establishment and setting of technical specifications on emergency accident pool is blank so far. With the statistical analysis of national and industrial standards and on-the-spot investigations, we found that current emergency accident pool has problems on its definition, function, layout, type, volume, fire-control duration and rainfall etc., as well as the lack of ability in collecting and processing different types of sewage under emergent environmental incidents. Therefore, a set of technical specifications on emergency accident pool suitable for different enterprises, institutions and industrial parks should be studied and established as soon as possible. Researches indicated that all the enterprises and institutions should set up emergency accident pool if they produce, use or store hazardous chemicals or environmental-risk materials and discharge pollutants that may cause marked decrease of environmental quality and threaten the public health conditions. Emergency accident pool should have basic properties such as permanency, specificity, self-flow type, large-scale tank volume, anticorrosion, anti-leakage and so on. Fire-control duration is the leading factor on the volume of emergency accident pool, which should be set with the maximum designed value. Maximum rainfall also has large effects on the volume of emergency accident pool that should be calculated based on 8 to 12 hours of rainfall or referred to maximum designed value of firecontrol duration. Emergency accident pool in industrial park should be placed in the low-lying area for easy collection with the proper volume well-considered with the fire fighting water volume in actual cases in recent years. However, to build a threelevel defense system of public emergency accident pool among enterprises and in the industrial park is undoubtedly a more effective way dealing with emergent water pollutions.