以电代煤的经济与环境效益分析

Economic Costs and Environmental Benefts of Replacing Coal by Electricity

中文关键词:  以电代煤  经济效益  环境效益

英文关键词:replacement of coal by electricity  economic benefts  environmental benefts

中文摘要:

      我国《能源发展战略行动计划（2014-2020年）》指出，加快构建清洁、高效、安全、可持续的现代能源体系，重点实施"绿色低碳"等四种能源发展战略，因此"以电代煤"将成为我国未来能源战略中的一项重要选择。本文运用技术经济分析法和排放系数法，计算了八大主要用能部门以电代煤的经济成本和环境价值。计算结果表明：各部门用电设备的初始投资和电力消费等经济成本是燃煤设备的初始投资及燃煤消费等经济成本的1.8~2.8倍，但是，以用电设备替代燃煤设备的环境价值非常可观。在考虑了环境外部性成本后，居民生活行业，商业，非金属矿物制品业，石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业，化学原料和化学制品制造业，以及非高耗能工业六个部门进行"以电代煤"在目前的情况下具有经济可行性，而有色金属冶炼和压延工业，以及黑色金属冶炼和压延工业"以电代煤"暂时不具有经济可行性。最后，提出了相关政策建议。

英文摘要:

      China will speed up the construction of a clean, effcient, safe and sustainable modern energy system, and focus on the implementation of four energy development strategy such as "Green Low Carbon", said in China Energy Development Strategy Action Plan (2014-2020). So, the "replacement of coal by electricity" become an important choice of future energy strategy in China. In this paper, the economic costs and environmental benefts of replacing coal by electricity in eight major energy intensive industries were calculated by using the method of technically economic analysis and emission coeffcient method. The results showed that the economic costs included initial investment and energy used cost of electrical equipment is 1.8 to 2.8 times as that of coal-based equipment in these sectors; however, a considerable environmental beneft of energy saving and emission reduction can be obtained. Considering the environmental external cost, the six sectors included the residential living part, business part, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, processing of petroleum, coking and processing of nuclear fuel, manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products as well as the rest manufacture industry excluded the six energy intensive industry are feasible to replace coal by electricity at present. While the smelting and pressing industries of non-ferrous and ferrous metals are not economically feasible to replace coal by electricity now. Finally, some relevant policy suggestions were put forward.