从典型碳排放权分配方案探析“气候公平”的发展方向

A Probe into the Development Direction of “Climate Justice” from Several Typical Schemes Concerning Allocation of Carbon Emission Right

中文关键词:  气候公平  碳排放权  分配方案  公平原则  探析

英文关键词:climate justice  carbon emission right  allocation schemes  fair principle  analysis

中文摘要:

      在保证全球气候安全的前提下，如何公平分配有限的碳排放空间，是全球气候治理与气候谈判关注的焦点问题。对发展中国家而言，国际社会对碳排放权的公平分配不仅涉及到环境问题，更关系到它们的发展权益与成本。在对"气候公平"理论的主流观点、碳排放权分配的若干"公平原则"进行述评的基础上，通过对中外典型的碳排放权分配方案的梳理和剖析，探讨了"气候公平"从"祖父原则"到"人均公平"、从"人均公平"到"人均累计公平"、从"人均累计公平"到兼顾"人均累计公平"与"可持续发展"、从"生产型排放公平"到"消费型排放公平"、从"排放公平"到"发展公平"的发展方向，并从碳排放权公平分配的角度探讨了如何保证未来全球气候安全、满足人类基本需求的碳排放、发展中国家可持续发展的"三赢"。

英文摘要:

      The fair distribution of limited carbon emission load on the premise of ensuring global climate security is the focus of global climate governance and negotiations. For developing countries, it relates not only to environment, but also to the development rights and cost. Through the analysis of "climate justice" theory and several typical schemes concerning allocation of carbon emission right, the paper probes into the "climate justice" from "grandfather fair" to "per capita fair", from "per capita fair" to "per capita cumulative fairness", from "per capita cumulative fairness" to "per capita cumulative fairness" and "sustainable development", from "manufacturing fairness" to "consumption fairness", from "the fair of carbon emission" into "the fair of development". In addition, the paper discusses how to realize the "three win" among the future global climate security, meet the demand of basic human carbon emissions and the sustainable economic development of concerning nations from "climate justice".