论长江经济带大气污染防治的若干问题与防治对策

Issues and Suggestions on the Air Pollution Prevention and Control of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

中文关键词:  长江经济带  大气污染防治  空气质量改善  驱动力  对策

英文关键词:Yangtze River Economic Belt  air pollution prevention and control  improvement of air quality  driving force  measures

中文摘要:

      长江经济带是世界上最大的内河产业带和制造业基地，建设长江经济带是新时期中国三大国家发展战略之一，积极、有效地保护长江经济带生态环境具有非常重要的战略意义。本研究从识别突出的大气污染防治问题入手，深入分析大气污染的主要驱动力产业与能源结构，以问题为靶向，提出长江经济带的大气污染防治策略。研究结果发现，占国土面积21%的长江经济带排放了全国34%的二氧化硫、32%的氮氧化物、28%的烟粉尘、44%的挥发性有机物、43%的氨，单位面积污染物排放强度是全国平均水平的1.3~2.1倍，污染物排放远超环境容量。长江经济带126个城市中，6项主要大气污染物年平均浓度全部达标的城市比例不到1/3。颗粒物是影响城市达标的主要污染物。长江经济带产业结构偏重和能源消费以煤为主，是造成大气污染排放量的主要源头，是大气污染的主要驱动力。以解决突出的大气环境问题为核心，将环境质量作为大气污染防治的底线，持续推进空气质量改善，重点措施上，从大气污染驱动力着手，提出优化产业与能源结构、深化多污染物协同控制、推进区域联防联控等大气污染防治对策建议。

英文摘要:

      The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is the largest river industry belt and manufacturing base in the world. The development of YREB is one of the three major national development strategies in new period of China. It is of great strategic significance to actively and effectively protect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River. In YREB, which accounts for 21% of the land area, 34% of the sulfur dioxide, 32% of the nitrogen oxides, 28% of the smoke and dust, 44% of the volatile organic compounds, and 43% of the ammonia, the unit area of pollutant emissions intensity is 1.3 to 2.1 times the national average, the pollutant emissions far beyond the environmental capacity. More than two-thirds of the local 126 cities fail to meet the air quality standard and particulate matter is the main pollutant. At the same time, the compound air pollution is serious and the regional transmission has great influence in YREB. The next period of time, extensive mode of development will bring the severe situation of air pollution. Taking the solution of the prominent air pollution problems as the core, the air quality as the bottom line of air pollution control, the article discusses the main strategies and measures of the air pollution prevention and control in YREB.