从中德比较论我国环境许可制度的发展

Discussion on the Development of Environmental Permit System in China Compared with Germany

中文关键词:  环境许可  排污许可  环境标准制度  环境质量达标  总量控制制度  理念转型

英文关键词:environmental permit  pollutantemission permit  environmental standards system  environmental quality compliance  total amount control system  idea transformation

中文摘要:

      首先从现代环境保护的内在逻辑入手，指出我国环境法治正处于从外生型向内生型转变，并认同以排污许可为核心的环境许可制度应成为我国环境治理的核心制度。接着对环境许可制度进行基本的理论分析和简单框架梳理，认为环境许可制度是以法治完善和科技发展为支撑的，在此基础上需要进一步的内容细化和体系构建，并强调在风险预防原则下，环境许可不应局限于排污许可制度。然后分析了欧盟与德国在环境许可一体化上的趋势与不同，进而提出我国环境许可制度的趋势。探讨了与环境许可制度紧密相关的环境技术标准制度，认为基于技术的环境标准面临内生性、系统化和动态完善的要求，环境许可制度需要面向环境质量达标体系转型。本文还分析了德国环境治理理念的转型变革与许可制度衔接的经验。最后，小结对我国环境许可制度的启示。

英文摘要:

      This paper begins with the internal logic of modern environmental protection, pointing out that China's environmental management is in transition from exogenous to endogenous and emphasizing that environmental permit system with pollutant emission permit as core will become the key system of environmental governance in China. Based on this, the basic theory of environmental permit system and its framework are then analyzed, and it is believed that the environmental permit system should be supported by the governance improvement and scientific and technological development with the inherent refinement of content and structure. To emphasize the precautionary principle, environmental permit should not be limited to pollutant emission permit system. The trends and differences of environmental permit integration in EU and Germany are analyzed, and then its trends in China are proposed. Further, the environmental technology standard system and the total amount control system, closely related to the environmental permit system, are discussed and it is regarded that not only the environment standards is needed to refinement and dynamic improvement, but the total amount emission reduction system also need to be transformed towards environmental permit system. In addition, the paper also examines the transformation of the German environmental governance concept and highlights the enlightenment to China's environmental permit system.