改革开放40年来生态环境监管执法的回顾与展望

The Retrospect and Prospect of the Environmental Supervision and Enforcement in the Past Forty Years Since the Reform and Opening-up

中文关键词:  环境监管执法  排污收费  改善环境质量  依法行政  "一刀切"

英文关键词:environmental supervision and enforcement  pollution charge  improvement of environmental quality  law-based administration  one-size-fits-all

中文摘要:

      改革开放40年来，我国生态环境监管执法体系经历了从无到有，从以排污收费为核心内容，到以改善生态环境质量为根本目的，再到更加注重保护执法相对人合法权利的变迁和跨越。总体而言，环境监管执法队伍在全国各级政府不断建立，环境监管相关之事权与权责更加明晰，环境监管执法能力不断强化，环境行政管理体制不断理顺，环境法律制度体系更加优化，环境治理之主体和手段更加多元。

英文摘要:

      In the past 40 years since the reform and opening, the environmental supervision and enforcement institutions have been established from the stage with the pollution charge at the heart, to the reorientation stage with the improvement of environmental quality as its primary goal, and then to stage with increasing protection of the rights and interests of the private partyies. In general, the environmental supervision and enforcement institutions have been established at all levels of the governments, its functions and obligations are much more clarified, the supervision and enforcement capacity are reforeced, the environmental public administration systems are much more coherent, the environmental legal systems are optimized, the parties and tools for environmental governance become multiple.