农业面源污染治理探析——从新型肥料生产环节视角

Exploring the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control—From the Perceptive of New Fertilizer Production

中文关键词:  化肥减施增效  新型肥料  生产企业

英文关键词:fertilizer reduction and efciency increase  new fertilizer  production enterprise

中文摘要:

      化肥不合理施用带来的农业面源污染问题亟待治理，实践表明，绿色、高效、环保、优质的新型肥料是促进化肥减施增效的有效途径。本文以新型肥料为例，通过对肥料生产企业的实地调研，从肥料生产环节识别化肥减施增效工作推进中存在的问题。新型肥料在生产环节面临供给成本高、需求不足的困境，其主要原因是：新型肥料生产工序复杂，环保设施增加成本；按照国家产业目录，企业性质统一划分为化工企业，发展受到严重制约；新型肥料品种层出不穷，标准落后不匹配；新型肥料产品推广服务成本高。另外，政府低价招标有机肥，弊病丛生，扰乱正常市场秩序，降低企业生产优质新型肥料的积极性。为此本文建议，一方面应降低新型肥料生产和流通成本，另一方面应加强新型肥料宣传推广。

英文摘要:

      In this paper, through the field research on fertilizer production enterprises, taking the new fertilizer as an example, the problems in the promotion of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase are identified from the link of fertilizer production. In the production process, new fertilizers face the dilemma of high supply costs and insufcient demand. The main reasons are that the new fertilizer production process is complicated, and the environmental protection facilities increase the cost; the nature of the enterprise is divided into chemical enterprises, and the development is severely constrained; new types of fertilizers emerge in an endless stream, and the standards are backwards; the cost of new fertilizer product promotion services is high. In addition, the government bids for organic fertilizer at a low price, which has its drawbacks, disrupts the normal market order, and reduces the enthusiasm of enterprises to produce high-quality new fertilizers. To this end, on the one hand, the production and circulation costs of new fertilizers should be reduced, and on the other hand, the promotion and promotion of new fertilizers should be strengthened.