国家公园建设背景下的公益型保护地研究进展

Research Progress of Privately Protected Areas in the Context of National Park Construction

中文关键词:  公益型保护地  政府监督  民间管理  运营机制

英文关键词:privately protected areas  government supervision  private management  operation mechanism

中文摘要:

      当前我国自然保护地体系改革正处于关键时期，公益型保护地是一种利用社会公益力量，由政府监督、民间管理并协调保护与发展的新型保护地模式。该模式注重社会公益力量在自然保护地建设中的作用，能够补充已有保护地资金、技术和人力的不足，填补了我国目前保护地体系的空缺。本文论述了国家公园建设背景下的公益保护地的内涵，分析了当前公益保护地的特征，讨论了国内外公益型保护地的运营管理机制，包括土地权利的获得、基于协议保护机制的保护地运营、特许经营在保护地的实施和社区保护模式的成功经验。今后我国公益型保护地的建设应鼓励公益组织与民间力量参与，在管理理念上应坚持保护第一和公益性，促进管理体制转变和科学划定界限，并完善公益组织参与保护地建设的激励和监督机制。

英文摘要:

      The reform of China's natural protected area system is at a critical period. The privately protected areas (PPA) is a new type of protection mode that uses the social welfare forces. The PPA is supervised by the government, and managed by the non government organization and coordinated with the protection and development. It attaches great importance to the role of social public welfare forces in the construction of nature reserves, and can supplement the shortage of funds, technologies and manpower in existing protected areas, and fill the gap in China's current protection system. This paper discusses the connotation of PPA, analyzes the characteristics of current PPA. Moreover, the operation management mechanism of PPA at home and abroad are elaborated, including land rights, protection mechanism based on the conservation concession agreement, the implementation of the franchise in the protected area, and the successful experience of community protection mode. The social welfare forces should be encouraged to participate in the construction of PPA in China. Protection and public welfare should be prioritized. Moreover, the government should promote the transformation of management system, determine the boundary of PPA scientifically and develop the supervision and reward mechanism for commonweal organizations participation in PPA construction.