我国生态环境损害赔偿资金制度的困境与出路

The Dilemma and Way Out for the Funds Institution in the Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation in China

中文关键词:  环境公益诉讼  生态环境损害赔偿资金  基金会  监督

英文关键词:environmental public interest litigation  ecological and environmental damage compensation funds  foundation  supervision

中文摘要:

      关于环境公益诉讼赔偿资金的归属，我国实践中有环保部门主管、纳入国库、纳入法院指定账户、纳入专项账户等不同归属模式，但在其管理与使用方面，我国尚且存在诸如地方生态环境损害赔偿资金管理办法名称不统一、资金使用系统不透明、社会公众査询难、地方行政机关干预过多、资金监管机制不健全等问题。本文拟建议设立"全国生态环境损害赔偿基金"，对环境公益诉讼产生的损害赔偿金以及各地方未统一管理的环境保护资金等相关资金进行统筹与规范，以期推进我国生态环境损害赔偿资金制度的完善。为此，需要明确生态环境损害赔偿基金的资金来源，规范生态环境损害赔偿基金的使用、监督机制，明确环保部门的监督职责，构建资金使用的信息公开制度，强化环保组织的监督权，在此基础上进一步对生态环境损害赔偿基金制定严格的管理办法，以规范并指导基金的有效运作。

英文摘要:

      Regarding the ownership of compensation for environmental public interest litigation, there are different modes of ownership in practice, such as incorporated into environmental protection department, the national treasury, the designated accounts of the court, the special accounts and so on. In the management and use of funds for the protection of ecological environment, there are such problems as the confusion of names of funds management methods, the closed system of funds used, the difficulties of public inquiry, the excessive intervention of local administrative organs and the imperfect capital supervision mechanism. The establishment of the National Foundation for Ecological Damage Compensation, the compensation for environmental public interest litigation and the existing fragmented distribution of environmental protection funds, should be the best solution for the current regulatory system of ecological and environmental damage compensation funds. To establish the system of funds for compensation for ecological environment damage in China, it is necessary to clarify the sources of funds for the compensation fund for ecological and environmental damage, standardize the mechanism for the use of funds, formulate strict fund management measures and clarify the operating procedures for funds. In the regulatory mechanism of funds, it is necessary to clarify the supervisory responsibilities of environmental protection departments, establish an information disclosure system for the use of funds, and strengthen the supervision power of environmental protection organizations.