我国70年环境立法：回顾、反思与展望

The Review, Reflection and Prospect of Environmental Legislation in China Over the Past 70 Years

中文关键词:  70年环境立法  环境法制  生态文明  回顾  反思  展望

英文关键词:environmental legislation of 70 years  environmental law  ecological civilization  review  reflection  prospect

中文摘要:

      70年的中国环境立法，总体上分为三个阶段，即起步阶段、发展阶段和进入生态文明新阶段。起步阶段是从1949年10月新中国成立到1978年底党的十一届三中全会召开之前，发展阶段是从1979年到2012年党的十八大召开之前，进入生态文明新阶段是从2012年11月党的十八大召开至今。历史表明，在毛泽东主席和周恩来总理等老一辈党和国家领导人的关心和有关部门的共同努力下，我国的环境立法在新中国成立后已经提到工作日程，并取得一定成绩。党的十八大以来我国的环境法制建设取得历史性进步。在充分肯定成就的基础上，通过反思，发现我国环境立法依然存在立法质量不高、立法体制机制不够合理、实施效果不理想等问题。为此，应当根据习近平生态文明思想和党的十九大、十九届四中全会精神，明确新时代环境立法的指导思想和原则，加快环境法律的立改废释工作，切实提高环境立法质量，补齐生态保护立法的短板，积极推进相关法律的生态化，加强配套环境法规和规章的制定，加快健全完善生态环境保护法律体系，实现环境治理体系与治理能力的现代化。

英文摘要:

      Environmental legislation in China over the past 70 years can be divided into three stages, including the beginning stage (from October 1949 to late 1978), development stage (from 1979 to November 2012) and ecological civilization stage (from November 2012 to the present). The history indicate that the environmental legislation has been put on schedule since the foundation of New China by the combined efforts of older generation of state leaders and departments. China has made historic progress in environmental legislation construction since the 18th National Congress of CPC. Through reflection, it is found that environmental legislation in China still has problems such as the legislative quality is not high, the legislative system and mechanism are not reasonable enough, the implementation effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, according to Xi Jinping thought of ecological civilization, the 19th National Congress of CPC and the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China Central Committee, we should definite the guiding ideology and principles of environmental legislation in the new era, accelerate the legislation, amendment, repeal and interpretation of environmental laws, improve the legislative quality and weakness, strengthen the formulation of supporting environmental laws and regulations, accelerate and perfect the legal system of ecological environment protection, realize the modernization of environmental governance system and capacity.