精细化工园区绿色发展研究：以杭州湾上虞经济技术开发区为例

The Green Development of Fine Chemical Industrial Parks in China: a Case Study in Hangzhou Bay

中文关键词:  化工园区  精细化工  环境管理  绿色发展

英文关键词:chemical industrial park  fine chemical industry  environmental management  green development

中文摘要:

      近年来化工园区安全环保事故多发，园区生存发展面临极大挑战。深入推进绿色发展，是破解化工园区乃至整个行业发展瓶颈的唯一出路。本文以国内典型的精细化工园区——杭州湾上虞经济技术开发区为例，梳理该园区建设以来在产业发展、安全生产、污染整治方面的创新实践及成效，凝练出具有启示意义的管理与规划特点，以期为其他精细化工园区提供借鉴。实践显示，发展较成熟的化工园区向非化工园区转型难度大且代价高，而化工产业是国民经济的重要支柱，产业向园区集聚发展是趋势所在，科学地实施规划管理，是化工园区绿色发展的首要。化工园区推进绿色发展，宜在充分摸清园区"家底"基础上，强化顶层设计，即：以重点行业清洁生产、循环经济关键技术突破带动全产业链绿色发展；以大企业为核心，构建产品间、企业间协作的动-静脉耦合产业链接和共生网络；建设清洁化、多功能、集中与分散相结合的基础设施组团；构建全过程环境和安全管理体系，提高本质安全；资源环境要素约束倒逼产业结构调整及准入控制。2006-2015年，上虞园区整体实现了经济发展与资源能源消耗及污染物排放的相对脱钩，产生了积极的经济环境效益。其绿色发展实践对其他化工园区具有积极借鉴意义。

英文摘要:

      Chemical industrial parks (CIPs) in China has witnessed a crucial challenge of sustainable development, due to a series of environmental pollution and safety accidents in recent years. Green development has been hallmarked the only countermeasure to break through the bottleneck of sustainable development of both CIPs and chemical industry in China. This study uncovered the best practices of green development in a typical Chinese fine chemical industrial park, the Zhejiang Hangzhou Bay Shangyu Economic and Technology Development Area (HSEDA), aiming to propose insightful implications to other CIPs. The HSEDA once fluctuated between chemical industry and chemicals manufacturing free industries, but finally kept staying on the track of high-end fine chemical industries. The HSEDA has featured in making systematically grand plan on eco-industrial development of chemical industry, based on delibrated material and energy metabolism assessment. The grand plan is characterized in facilitating green development from five aspects, such as:① developing bottleneck-breaking green technologies to underpin cleaner production, circular economy development, and green supply chain in the park;② fostering pillar-industry tailored industrial ecosystem by facilitating collaboration among different products, stakeholders, and infrastructure;③ establishing multi-functional and diversified infrastructure systeme to tackle the site-specific environmental issues associated with energy recovery,④ facilitating safety-environment stewardship systematically from the perspective of life cycle thinking to improve the inherent safety of chemicals manufacturing; and ⑤ detuning the industrial structure of the park by reallocating environmental and natural resources, and enhancing admittance standards of new chemical projects. By doing so, the HSEDA accomplished substantial improvement of environmental and economic performance, achieving a relative decoupling of economy development and environment-resource burden during 2006 to 2015. The best-practiced green development measures in the HSEDA will provide insightful policy implications to other fine chemical industrial parks in China.