论行政机关提起的生态环境损害赔偿之法律范畴与路径

Study on the Legal Category and Path of the Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation Brought by Administrations

中文关键词:  生态环境损害赔偿  行政命令  执法和解  生态环境服务功能

英文关键词:ecological environmental damage compensation  administrative order  administrative law enforcement reconciliation  ecological environmental service function

中文摘要:

      行政机关提起的生态环境损害赔偿之法律范畴与路径是生态环境损害赔偿立法时需要解决的两个核心问题。我国目前将生态环境损害赔偿定位为民事范畴，该定位一定程度上违背了行政责任与民事责任的界分。本文从生态环境的属性切入，得出在公私法二分语境下，生态环境损害赔偿宜纳入行政法范畴的结论；其次，通过对比美国与欧盟的做法，展开行政法视角下强制性与非强制性二元路径的探讨。本文认为，我国可借鉴美国的做法，在未来立法时采用二元路径：违法排放污染物质需要清除的，行政机关可依法责令清除污染，或采用执法和解方式与责任人达成一致；生态环境服务功能损失的恢复则不宜采用强制性命令，行政机关可与责任人进行和解。

英文摘要:

      The legal category and path of ecological environmental damage compensation brought by administrations are two important issues to be solved during the compensation legislation. At present, the ecological environmental damage compensation system in China belongs to civil category, which violates the boundary between administrative liability and civil liability to some extent. Firstly, this paper analyzes the legal category from the nature of the ecological environment and draws the conclusion that the ecological environmental damage compensation should be brought into the category of administrative law in the context of the dual division of public and private law. Secondly, this paper discusses the dual path of mandatory and non-mandatory from the perspective of administrative law by comparing the practices of the United States and the European Union. To this article,our country can learn from the practices of the US and adopts the dual path in the future legislation:on the one hand, the administrative agency can order to clean up the pollutants or reconcile with the responsible party; on the other hand, the administrative agency can reconcile with the responsible party to restore the loss of ecological environmental service function, which loss is not appropriate to restore in a mandatory manner.