我国推进环境污染责任保险的系统性风险及对策

Environmental Impairment Liability Insurance in China: Development, Risks and Countermeasures

中文关键词:  环境污染责任保险  发展历程  系统性风险  对策

英文关键词:environmental impairment liability insurance  development course  systemic risk  countermeasure

中文摘要:

      环境污染责任保险是以企业发生的污染事故对第三者造成的损害依法应负的赔偿责任为标的的保险。本文在对我国环境污染责任保险30年发展历程进行全面回顾的基础上，从立法、模式、技术等层面出发，结合2019年底以来新型冠状病毒引发的公共卫生紧急事件挑战，分析了新时期政策实践面临的系统性风险，提出通过促进自上而下的立法推进与自下而上的自主试点良性互动、"低保额、低保障、广覆盖"的强制基本险与"高保额、高保障、个性化"的商业附加险灵活结合、经验数据积累与技术标准完善双管齐下、企业常态自主投保与特殊应急响应投保相互助力等方式妥善化解相关风险，为补齐生态短板、打好污染防治攻坚战、全面建成小康社会提供助力。

英文摘要:

      The environmental impairment liability insurance is subjected to the liability for the damage to the 3rd party caused by the environmental pollution accident of the enterprise. Based on a comprehensive review of the 30-year environmental impairment liability insurance development course in China, this paper identifies the major systemic risks faced by its practice in the new era from the perspective of legislation, model and technology. New challenges caused by the public health emergencies since the end of 2019 are taken into consideration as well. Furthermore, it proposes four targeted recommendations, including promoting the positive interaction between top-down legislation and bottom-up independent pilots, the flexible combination of basic compulsory insurance and additional commercial insurance, two-pronged strategy of historical data accumulation and technical standard improvement, and mutual assistance between normal insuring and special insuring under emergencies. The results here are of great significance to make up the ecological short boards and in the end win the tough battles of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.