环境风险规制的经济成本及次生影响——决策中需要重视的向度

The Economic Cost and Ancillary Impacts of Environmental Risk Regulation—The Dimensions Needing Attention

中文关键词:  环境风险规制  经济成本  次生影响  规制影响分析

英文关键词:environmental risk regulation  economic cost  ancillary impacts  regulatory impact analysis

中文摘要:

      环境风险是社会经济发展的副产物，是市场外部性的表现，需要公共部门的参与解决。然而环境风险的应对并非没有代价，这种代价既包括规制的经济成本，也包括其带来的次生影响。我国经济发展到目前的阶段，政府和公众都非常关注环境风险，并出台了大量的规制性政策对其进行治理。如何在实现环境治理目标的同时，合理控制经济成本、尽量减少次生影响是提升环境治理效能的重要命题，本文针对这一问题进行了探讨。主要对规制的经济成本和次生影响等关键概念做了辨析，对规制的经济成本和次生影响在我国被忽略的可能原因进行了分析，对他国应对这一问题所采取的措施开展了讨论。最后提出在我国针对重大环境规制性政策开展规制影响评估的建议。

英文摘要:

      Environmental risks are byproducts of socioeconomic development and consequences of market failure. Thus, governmental intervention is needed to correct such failure. However, governmental actions to cope with environmental risks have its costs and ancillary impacts. At the current stage of development, Chinese government and public are both concerned about environmental risks and waves of regulations are being formulated. How to avoid excessive economic cost and non-negligible ancillary impacts while achieving environmental goals is an important issue in environmental governance. This paper is dedicated to such a discussion. After delineating the basic concepts on regulation, economic cost, and ancillary impacts, we synthesized and analyzed the causes of insufficient attention allocated to the economic cost and ancillary impacts of environmental regulations in China, presented what have been done to cope with this issue both in and abroad, and suggested to formally require conducting regulatory impact analysis on major environmental regulations in China.