环境规制对技术创新效率的影响分析——基于创新链视角的两阶段实证检验

Influence of Environmental Regulation on the Efficiency of Technological Innovation—A Two-Stage Empirical Test Based on the Perspective of Innovation Chain

中文关键词:  环境规制  技术创新效率  两阶段关联DEA  空间异质性

英文关键词:environmental regulation  the efficiency of technological innovation  two-stage correlative DEA  spatial heterogeneity

中文摘要:

      新古典经济学理论认为，严格的环境规制会提高污染治理成本，挤占技术创新活动的资金，对技术创新产生"挤出效应"。而"波特假说"认为，长期内适当的环境规制政策将对企业的科技创新活动起到刺激性推动作用，可弥补因规制而增加的额外成本，从而形成"创新补偿效应"。这个观点表明环境规制对于企业的技术创新可能存在非线性影响效应。另外，技术创新要经历研究开发阶段与成果转化阶段，即从资源投入到产生经济效益的过程。本文基于系统观和创新链视角，创新性地构建两阶段关联DEA模型测算技术创新活动的投入产出效率，并运用中国2011——2017年间的省级面板数据进行回归检验，探讨环境规制强度对研究开发阶段和成果转化阶段技术创新效率的非线性影响效应，同时将中国划分为东部、中西部两大区域分别考察，进一步揭示环境规制对技术创新效率影响的空间异质性和阶段性特点，最后提出相应政策建议。

英文摘要:

      According to neoclassical economic theory, strict environmental regulation will increase the cost of pollution control and squeeze the fund of technological innovation, which causes "crowding out effect" on technological innovation. The "porter hypothesis" holds that appropriate environmental regulation policies will stimulate and promote enterprises' scientific and technological innovation activities in the long run, which can cover the additional costs caused by regulation, this is the way how "innovation compensation effect" comes into being. This view indicates that environmental regulation may have a nonlinear effect on technological innovation of enterprises. In addition, technological innovation should go through the stage of research and the stage of achievement transformation, that is, the process from input to output. Based on system view and innovation chain, this paper builds a two-stage correlative DEA model to measure the input and output efficiency of technological innovation activities creatively and uses China's provincial panel data from 2011 to 2017 to go through the regression test to explore the nonlinear effect on intensity of environmental regulation to research and achievements transformation technology innovation efficiency. At the same time, this paper studies the eastern, central and western regions of China from the perspective of regional differences to reveal the spatial heterogeneity and periodical characteristics of the influence of environmental regulation on technical innovation efficiency. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward in this paper.