论预防性环境民事公益诉讼中“重大风险”的司法认定

Judicial Determination of “Significant Risk” in Precautionary Environmental Public Interest Civil Litigation

中文关键词:  预防性环境民事公益诉讼  重大风险  内涵  认定主体  认定路径

英文关键词:precautionary environmental public interest civil litigation  significant risk  connotation  determination subject  determination path

中文摘要:

      针对"具有损害社会公共利益重大风险的污染环境、破坏生态行为"提起的民事公益诉讼是为预防性环境民事公益诉讼，有助于将预防为主环保原则落实于诉讼程序。但在司法实践中，作为核心要素的"重大风险"仍存在内涵模糊、认定主体错位、认定路径不清等认定困境。为此，应逐一做以下完善：通过界定基础对象和划定程度要求，进而明确内涵；矫正认定主体，澄清法院是唯一决定性认定主体，但同时为行政机关和专家辅助认定设计制度渠道；最后，还应适宜地构建具体认定路径。

英文摘要:

      Precautionary environmental public interest civil litigation, which is against "polluting environment and destroying ecology behavior with significant risk to the public interest", is helpful to put the principle of "prevention first" into the litigation procedure. However, in practice, there are still some problems in the determination of "significant risk", such as the vague connotation, the wrong determination subject, and the wrong determination path. To this end, the problems should be solved one by one. Firstly, by defining the basis object and the demarcation degree standard, and then the concept is cleared. Secondly, stress that the court is the only decisive determination subject, but also should be allowed the administrative authority and the expert assisted determination. Finally, we should also build a clarified determination path appropriately.