“要素—领域—任务”国家生态环境规划体系的形成与演进

Formation and Evolution of the “Element-Field-Task” System for National Eco-Environment Planning

中文关键词:  生态环境规划  规划体系  环境管理  环境保护  美丽中国

英文关键词:ecology and environment planning  planning system  environmental management  environmental protection  Beautiful China

中文摘要:

      本文以“要素—领域—任务”国家生态环境规划体系的形成过程为切入点，回顾了新中国成立以来特别是“十一五”之后我国生态环境规划的发展历程。研究表明，在“要素—领域—任务”体系构建完善的关键阶段，即“十一五”到“十二五”，我国的生态环境规划体系在“污染减排”的基础上，明确提出“质量改善”“风险防范”和“公共服务”三大领域，战略领域的划分逐步明确，环境规划要素逐渐充实，落实任务更加精细。而在“要素—领域—任务”体系的充实提高过程中，即“十二五”到“十三五”，进一步提出“绿色发展”“生态修复”“制度创新”三大领域。要素方面，通过推进“三大污染防治行动计划”，使气、水、土三要素治理纲举目张。任务的重心则向生态环境综合治理、区域统筹协调发展转变。为更好地发挥“要素—领域—任务”体系优势，支撑我国现代环境治理体系的构建，本文提出，“十四五”规划应在要素层面全面覆盖且重点突出，领域层面系统整合并统筹协调，任务层面具体落实且创新机制，助力建成适应美丽中国建设要求的生态环境管理体系新格局。

英文摘要:

      Taking the formation process of the "Element-Field-Task" national ecological environment planning system as an entry point, this article reviews the development of China's eco-environmental planning over the past 70 years, especially after the "11th Five-Year Plan". The research shows that three new fields, namely quality improvement, risk prevention and public services were clearly proposed, in addition to pollution reduction, from the "11th Five-Year Plan" to the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, which is the key phase of the formation of the "Element-Field-Task" system. The division of strategic fields is getting clearer, the elements of environmental planning are gradually enriched, and the specific tasks are more refined. In the perfecting process of the "Element-FieldTask" system, that is, from the "12th Five-Year Plan" to the "13th Five-Year Plan", another three fields, including green development, ecological restoration and institutional innovation were further proposed. In terms of "Element", by promoting the Three Action Plans, improvement on elements of air, water and soil are outlined. And the Tasksare transferred to comprehensively manage the ecological environment and to coordinate regional development. In order to better play to the advantages of the "Element-Field-Task" system and support the construction of China's modern environmental governance system, this article also proposes that the "14th Five-Year Plan" should be fully covered and focused at the Element level, integrated and promoted at the Field level, and specialized and innovated at the Task level, thus contributing to formulating the national eco-environmental system and comprehensively promoting beautiful China construction in the new era.