中国沿海城市化推进对海洋污染的影响及作用机制——基于面板空间计量方法

The Impact of China's Coastal Urbanization on Marine Pollution: Based on Panel Spatial Measurement Method

中文关键词:  沿海城市化  海洋污染  绿色发展  空间计量

英文关键词:coastal urbanization  marine pollution  green development  spatial measurement

中文摘要:

      探究沿海城市化推进与海洋污染间的关系对沿海城市绿色发展具有重要意义。本文基于2006—2013年中国沿海46个地级市的海洋污染物浓度数据和遥感所得的夜间灯光亮度数据，运用面板空间计量技术从深度推进和广度推进两方面系统考察了沿海城市化对海洋污染的影响及作用机制，结果表明：以紧凑集约为特征的城市化深度推进与海洋污染之间存在着非线性的“U形”关系，而以规模扩张为特征的城市化广度推进只会单纯地加剧海洋污染。城市化深度推进会通过集聚效应和技术进步效应对海洋污染产生积极影响，而城市化广度推进过程中所带来的人口规模的扩大会加剧海洋污染，此外产业结构和绿色技术未能转型升级也是城市扩张加剧海洋污染的关键因素所在。本研究提出在海洋环境管理过程中，一是要加强区域合作，实现海洋污染的区域联防联控；二是应注重城市的紧凑集约化发展，发挥沿海城市化推进对海洋污染防治的正外部性影响；三是需推进海洋经济的绿色可持续发展，实现海洋经济发展与海洋环境污染的脱钩。

英文摘要:

      Exploring the relationship between coastal urbanization and marine pollution is of great significance to the green development of coastal cities. Based on the marine pollution data and the nighttime brightness data from remote sensing of 46 cities along the coast of China from 2006 to 2013, the spatial measurement technology was used to investigate the impact of coastal urbanization on marine pollution and its mechanism. The results showed that:there is a non-linear "U-shaped" relationship between deep urbanization and marine pollution, and breadth urbanization only exacerbated marine pollution. Deep urbanization will have a positive impact on marine pollution through agglomeration effects and technological progress effects, while the expansion of population scale brought about by extensive urbanization will aggravate marine pollution, and the failure of industrial structure and green technology to transform and upgrade is also the key factor in urban expansion aggravating marine pollution. In addition, the study also found that there is a significant spatial negative correlation between marine pollution in China's coastal cities, showing the scale pollution effect of regional agglomeration. The study proposed that in the process of marine environmental management, on the one hand, regional cooperation should be strengthened to achieve joint regional prevention and joint control of marine pollution; on the other hand, the city's compact and intensive development should be emphasized, and the positive externalities of coastal urbanization to prevent and control marine pollution should be brought into play. In addition, it is also necessary to promote the green and sustainable development of the marine economy and realize the decoupling of marine economic development from marine environmental pollution.