资源、环境、生态的关系探讨及对自然资源管理的建议

Discussion on the Relationship Among Natural Resources, Environment and Ecology and Suggestions for Natural Resources Management

中文关键词:  自然资源  环境  生态  关系  判别图解  政策建议

英文关键词:natural resources  environment  ecology  relationship  discrimination diagram  policy recommendations

中文摘要:

      资源、环境和生态是我国生态文明建设的三个关键词，也是地球系统科学的重要组成，但目前学术研究和政策制定上仍存在模棱两可的问题，给自然资源领域的科学发展和贯彻落实生态文明发展理念带来了潜在不利影响，明晰其各自概念边界具有重要理论价值和现实意义。本文在分析自然资源、自然环境和生态环境三者内涵的基础上，对比了国内外关注视角、问题和需求的差异，并根据各自特征属性尝试构建了三者关系及判别图解模型。主要结论为：①国内外对自然资源、自然环境和生态环境的关注视角、问题和需求存在显著差异，其关注视角分别为数量、质量和平衡状态，关注问题分别为枯竭、退化和破坏，而关注需求分别为节约、保护和恢复；②三个概念的相互关系可通过是否自然、是否有价值和是否生物相关三个属性进行判别，自然资源的本质为有价值的自然环境，与自然环境是包含与被包含的关系，生物相关的自然资源即是生态环境；③对自然资源管理提出了拓展调查研究内容、采用“资源环境”表述和对生态治理工程进行以生物多样性为重点的负面影响评价三方面的建议。

英文摘要:

      Resources, environment and ecology are the three key words of ecological civilization construction in China, and they are also important components of earth system science. However, there are still ambiguous problems in academic research and policy making, which have potential adverse effects on the scientific development of natural resources and the implementation of the concept of ecological civilization development. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to clarify their respective conceptual boundaries. On the basis of analyzing the connotations of natural resources, natural environment and ecological environment, this paper compares the differences in perspectives, problems and needs at home and abroad, and tries to build a discrimination diagram of their relationship and discrimination according to their respective characteristics and attributes. The main conclusions are as follows:① There are significant differences in the perspectives, problems and needs of natural resources, natural environment and ecological environment at home and abroad, with the perspectives of quantity, quality and balance respectively, the problems of exhaustion, degradation and destruction in turn, and the needs of conservation, protection and recovery respectively. ②The relationship among the three concepts can be judged by three attributes:whether it is natural, whether it is valuable and whether it is biologically related. The nature of natural resources is a valuable natural environment, which is the relationship between inclusion and inclusion, and the biologically related natural resources are ecological environment. ③Three suggestions are put forward for natural resources management:expanding the investigation and research contents, adopting the expression of "resources and environment", and evaluating the negative impact of ecological management projects with emphasis on biodiversity.