生物多样性保护知识产权条款的功能：危机与应对

Functions of Intellectual Property Provisions for Biodiversity Conservation: Crisis and Response

中文关键词:  生物多样性保护  知识产权  功能危机

英文关键词:biodiversity  intellectual property  function crisis

中文摘要:

      生物多样性保护领域中的国际条约设有知识产权条款，知识产权条款发挥鼓励创新的基本功能。现有生物多样性利用中存在的知识产权问题集中在获取和惠益分享、遗传资源公开和利用知识产权产生的利益三方面。随着数字开源运动和数据库的大量兴起，协调型知识产权规则因缺乏强制力，使知识产权条款发挥的效力大打折扣。加之知识产权的专有属性和产业化，使得知识产权和多样性保护之间的冲突加剧。中国积极参与生物多样性保护全球治理，由被动参与者转换为积极推动者，确认和实施知识产权规则，关注数字序列信息的发展并加强农民权利的表达。

英文摘要:

      International treaties in the field of biodiversity conservation have intellectual property provisions, which play the basic function of safeguarding innovation. The existing intellectual property issues in the use of biodiversity focus on access and benefitsharing, the disclosure of genetic resources and the benefits derived from the use of intellectual property rights. With the emergence of digital open source campaigns and databases, the lack of enforcement of coordinated Intellectual Property Rules greatly reduces the effectiveness of intellectual property provisions. Combined with the proprietary and industrialization of intellectual property rights, the conflict between intellectual property rights and the protection of diversity has intensified. China actively participates in global biodiversity governance, transforming itself from a passive participant to an active promoter, affirming and enforcing intellectual property rules, focusing on the development of digital sequence information and enhancing the expression of farmers' rights.