公众参与对环境治理效果的影响——基于阶梯理论的实证研究

The Impact of Public Participation on Environmental Governance —Empirical Research Based on Ladder Theory

中文关键词:  公众参与  环境治理  污染物

英文关键词:public participation  environmental governance  pollutants

中文摘要:

      近年来，公众已经成为中国环境治理中不可或缺的力量，公众参与的方式和渠道也在不断拓展和丰富。为考察不同类型公众参与方式对环境治理效果的影响差异，本文基于公众参与阶梯理论，选取四类公众参与方式和四类污染物，结合我国2008—2017年30个省份数据，利用面板数据回归模型进行了实证检验。结果表明，横向比较不同类型的公众参与方式，公众环境来访对环境治理的促进效果优于环境信息公开和环保网络舆论，而政协提案、人大议案的积极效应尚不显著。纵向比较不同类型的污染物治理效果，公众参与能显著促进大气污染物的减排，对噪声和固体废物污染效果的影响次之，而在水污染治理中的作用较不理想。建议政府进一步优化健全环境信息公开机制，并重视公众层面的环境诉求，建立公众与地方生态环境部门的良好互动机制，同时鼓励公众通过新媒体渠道参与环境治理。

英文摘要:

      The public has become an indispensable force in current China's environmental governance, the ways and channels for public participation are being expanded and enriched. In order to investigate the differences in the impact of different types of public participation on the effects of environmental governance, based on the public participation ladder theory, this paper selected four types of public participation and four types of pollutants, combing the data of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017, to conduct an empirical test using the panel data regression model. The results showed that horizontally compared with different types of public participation, environmental visit had a better effect on environmental governance than environmental information disclosure and the Internet public opinion, the positive effects of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference proposals were not significant. Longitudinal comparison of the treatment effects of different types of pollutants showed that public participation could significantly promote the reduction of atmospheric pollutants, but had a weak impact on noise and solid waste pollution, while its role in water pollution treatment was not significant. It was suggested that the government should further optimize and improve the mechanism of environmental information disclosure, pay attention to the environmental demands of the public, establish a good interaction mechanism between citizens and local environmental protection departments, and encourage the public to participate in environmental governance through new media channels.