我国湿地保护法律的空缺分析与立法建议

Vacancy Analysis and Legislative Suggestions of Wetland Conservation Law in China

中文关键词:  湿地保护  法律  空缺  立法  建议

英文关键词:wetland conservation  law  vacancy  legislation  suggestion

中文摘要:

      法律法规是湿地保护管理制度的基础。我国尚无湿地保护专门性法律，但是针对湿地中的多个要素已经制定了相关法律法规，这些法律法规能否满足湿地保护的需要是湿地保护立法中的关键问题。本文针对湿地保护的法律需求，系统分析了现行法律法规的满足情况和空缺情况，并提出湿地保护立法的建议。分析结果表明：在13个方面的法律需求中，现行法律满足程度为“基本满足”的有3个方面，即湿地野生动物保护管理、湿地野生植物保护管理、外来物种管理；满足程度为“部分满足”的有4个方面，即湿地土地资源管理、湿地水资源管理、湿地水污染管理、湿地渔业资源管理；而满足程度为“难以满足”的有6个方面，即湿地范围界定、湿地保护目标与规划、湿地保护生态补偿、湿地修复、基础管理、体制机制。最后建议我国湿地保护立法应基于政府视角而非仅仅部门视角，对于不同满足程度的方面采取不同的立法策略，并重点构建保护管理体制机制。

英文摘要:

      Laws and regulations are the basis of wetland conservation system. There has been no specific law on wetland conservation in China, but relevant laws and regulations have been formulated for many elements of wetland. Whether these laws and regulations can meet the needs of wetland conservation is the key issue in wetland conservation legislation. According to the legal needs of wetland conservation, this paper systematically analyzes the satisfaction and vacancy of current laws and regulations, and puts forward some suggestions on wetland conservation legislation. The results show that among the 13 aspects of legal needs, three aspects can be basically meet by current laws, namely wetland wildlife conservation, wetland wild plant conservation, and alien species management; four aspects are partially meet, namely wetland land resource management, wetland water resource management, wetland water pollution management, and wetland fishery management; six are difficult to meet, namely wetland scope definition, wetland conservation targets and planning, wetland conservation ecological compensation, wetland restoration, basic management and system and mechanism. it is suggested that China’s wetland conservation legislation should stand on the sight of the government but not of the departments, employ different strategies for aspects meet by current laws and regulations differently, and focus on the construction of conservation administrative system and institutions.