美国危险化学品管理中的公众知情权及对我国的启示

Public Right-to-Know in Hazardous Chemicals Management in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China

中文关键词:  危险化学品  公众知情权  EPCRA

英文关键词:hazardous chemicals  public right-to-know  EPCRA

中文摘要:

      在风险社会背景下，环境治理的现代化需要多元共治，而要实现公众参与、发挥公众力量，首先要保障公众享有知情权。我国危险化学品专门立法中有关公众知情权的规定存在诸多问题：公众知情权的客体范围不明确，对政府信息公开义务的规定过于笼统，公众知情权的实现与救济途径不畅，政府未依法公开信息的法律责任不足。相较而言，美国在这一领域具有一定的探索经验。立足我国国情，本文参照域外美国《应急计划与公众知情权法案》，就公众知情权提出完善我国危险化学品专门立法的法制建议，以兹借鉴。

英文摘要:

      Under the background of risk society, the modernization of environmental governance needs multi-governance. In order to realize public participation and give full play to public power, the public should first be guaranteed the right-to-know. There are many problems regarding the provisions of public right-to-know in China’s special legislation on hazardous chemicals. Firstly, the object range of public right-to-know is not clear. Secondly, the provisions on the government’s obligation of information disclosure are too general. Thirdly, the realization and relief channels of public right-to-know are blocked to some extent. Fourthly, the government’s legal responsibility for not disclosing information according to law is insufficient. Comparatively speaking, the United States has established a relatively smooth and mature legal protection mechanism in this field. Based on our national conditions and by referring to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act (EPCRA) of the United States, it is feasible to put forward legal suggestions on improving the specific legislation of hazardous chemicals in China.