国家海洋公园建设的制度经验与优化

Institutional Experience and Optimization in the Construction of National Marine Park

中文关键词:  国家海洋公园  自然保护地  《生物多样性公约》  多规合一  陆海统筹

英文关键词:national marine park  natural reserve  CBD  multiple planning integration  interactions between land and ocean

中文摘要:

      我国正逐步完善以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的顶层设计，将国家公园定义为具有国家代表性的“陆域或海域”。但与国外相比，我国现有海洋类自然保护地单个及总体面积都不大，管理上也存在碎块化的问题，没有地域广阔、覆盖更完整生物链的国家海洋公园，离实现海洋生态系统性保护的目标尚有距离。而事实上，我国已经具备相关制度供给，既拥有国际规范支撑，也积累了本国海洋类自然保护地建设的法治成果，只是仍存在一些制度障碍需要克服，需进一步优化、整合原有的海洋类自然保护地体系以匹配新体制。建议明确国家海洋公园的国家公园属性，调整国家公园的监管主体，统筹陆海不同的功能分区，构建中国特色的国家海洋公园管理体制。

英文摘要:

      In the wake of establishing the natural reserve system with national park as the main body, China’s overall arrangement on ecological protection system is gradually improving. In the top-level design, national park must include national representative land or sea area. There are many kinds of classification of marine nature reserves system in China. However, compared with foreign marine nature reserves, our marine nature reserves are almost small, as well as the management is decentralized. We don’t have national marine park covering multiple species and more complete biological chain. There is still a long way to achieve the goal of protecting marine systematically. In fact, China already has the relevant institutional supply, which not only has the support of international norms, but also has accumulated the legal achievements of local marine natural reserves construction. We need to overcome the remaining institutional obstacles as well as optimize and integrate the original marine nature reserve system to match the new system. We need clarify national marine park will belong to national park, adjust the regulatory body of the national park, and balance the different functional zones of land and ocean. On this basis, China will form a scientific management system of national marine park with Chinese characteristics.