霍式理论下民法典环境权入法路径研究

Research on the Legalization Path of Environmental Rights in the Law of Civil Code under the Horfield’s Theory

中文关键词:  相关关系  环境权  入法路径  体系构建

英文关键词:correlation  environmental rights  access to the law  system construction

中文摘要:

      环境权作为一项新兴权利，各科学者都投入大量的实证分析研究，然而环境权内涵模糊使得该权利难以正式列入民法典“权利家族”中。究其原因，主要是环境权相关理论阙如，而以往的代际公平理论、环境正义理论、公共信托理论、可持续发展理论过于宏观而难以解决权利私人化的困境，而人权理论对于环境权的法定化作用有限。因此，亟须新的理论为环境权入法提供相关支撑。霍菲尔德法律关系理论中对于“权利”一词的特殊解读和对权利、义务、责任、特权、权力等概念间的基本法律关系进行的严密论证可以为环境权的间接入法提供有益作用。本文认为，应该将环境权解释为一项具体对人权，而将人身权解释为一项宽泛意义上的对人权，以形式逻辑论证将其纳入其中，同时从法律概念间的相关关系、相反关系，从义务、责任、特权等路径论证环境权间接入法的可行性，从而实现环境权的早日入法。

英文摘要:

      As a new right, environmental rights have been put into a lot of empirical research. However, the ambiguous connotation of environmental rights makes it difficult to be formally included in the “right family” of the Civil Code. The main reason is that there are no theories related to environmental rights, and the previous intergenerational equity theory, environmental justice theory, public trust theory and sustainable development theory are too macro to solve the dilemma of privatization of rights, and the role of human rights theory in the legalization of environmental rights is limited. Therefore, new theories are urgently needed to provide relevant support for the entry of environmental rights into law. The special interpretation of the word “right” in Horfield’s theory of legal relations and the rigorous demonstration of the basic legal relations among the concepts of right, obligation, responsibility, privilege and power can play a beneficial role in the indirect introduction of environmental rights into law. Environmental rights should be defined as a specific human rights, and due to explain to a broad sense of human rights, in order to be included in the form of a logical argument among them, at the same time from the correlation between the legal concept, the opposite relationship, arguments from obligation, responsibility and privilege path environment rights into the indirect method is feasible, so as to realize the environment rights as soon as possible into law.