“双碳”目标下我国海洋碳汇交易的发展机制研究

Research on the Development Mechanism of China's Ocean Carbon Sink Trading Under the “Dual-carbon” Goal

中文关键词:  海洋碳汇  碳汇交易  发展机制  “双碳”目标

英文关键词:ocean carbon sink  carbon sink trading  development mechanism  “dual-carbon” goal

中文摘要:

      海洋具备高效的固碳能力和巨大的碳汇潜力，完善的海洋碳汇交易机制是我国应对全球变化、实现碳中和的重要途径。本文在总结国内外海洋碳汇相关政策与实践情况的基础上，探讨了我国海洋碳汇交易的动力机制、实现机制和保障机制，旨在为未来海洋碳汇交易的政策制定提供理论支撑。首先，海洋碳汇交易的实现需要以政策环境作为推力，利益动机作为引力，社会责任作为压力。其次，我国海洋碳汇交易的发展总体上可以分为以自愿市场为主的探索阶段、自愿市场到履约市场的过渡阶段和以履约市场为主的成熟阶段，不同阶段各利益相关方的作用和实践中的关键点需要加以分析。最后，在法律保障方面要注意将“自上而下”的顶层设计和“自下而上”的基层探索相结合；在资金方面可以形成以公共财政为主、多渠道融资为辅的资金保障；在技术方面需要组建专业机构开展科学与政策的相关研究工作。

英文摘要:

      The ocean has high-efficiency carbon sequestration capacity and huge carbon sink potential. A sound ocean carbon sink trading mechanism is an important way for China to respond to global changes and achieve carbon neutrality. On the basis of combing the relevant policy and practice of ocean carbon sinks at home and abroad, this paper discusses the motivation mechanism, realization mechanism and guarantee mechanism of China's ocean carbon sink trading, aiming to provide theoretical support for the policy formulation of ocean carbon sinks in the future. First of all, the realization of ocean carbon sink trading needs to be driven by the policy environment, interest motives as gravity, and social responsibility as pressure. Secondly, the development of China's ocean carbon sink trading can generally be divided into an exploratory stage based on the voluntary market, a transition stage from the voluntary market to the compliance market, and a mature stage based on the compliance market. According to different stages, this article analyzes the roles of various stakeholders and key points in practice. Finally, in terms of legal protection, attention should be paid to combining the "top-down" top-level design with the "bottom-up" grassroots exploration; in terms of funds, it can form a capital guarantee with public finance as the mainstay and multi-channel financing as the supplement; in terms of technology, it is necessary to set up professional institutions to carry out research work related to science and policy.