试论生物安全“入典”之立法选择与规范表达

The Legislative Options and Normative Expressions of Biosecurity into Environmental Code — Analysis of the Difference Between International Law and Domestic Law Based on the Concept of “Biosecurity”

中文关键词:  生物安全  环境法典  生物多样性保护  生态平衡

英文关键词:biosecurity  Environmental Code  biodiversity protection  ecological balance

中文摘要:

      环境法典编纂背景下，生物安全是否纳入环境法典成为亟待解决的现实问题。就生物安全的概念而言，国际法采用狭义概念，国内法采用广义概念，单从任一概念与环境法的关系判断，生物安全“入典”貌似成了伪命题。但生物安全概念的国际法与国内法差异中蕴含着生物多样性保护和维持生态系统可持续发展的概念内涵，在生物安全与环境法典之间建立起沟通的桥梁。目前，生物安全具体领域专门立法的缺失以及环境法典体系化的需求，决定了生物安全必须纳入环境法典。生物安全与环境保护之间的关联性以及现有的国内、国际立法，为生物安全纳入环境法典提供了可能。当下国内法规定的广义的生物安全概念决定了其无法全部纳入环境法典，只能筛选旨在保护生物多样性与生态平衡，属于环境法传统核心领域的生物安全事项，以嵌入的方式纳入自然生态保护编。环境法典无法涵盖的生物安全事项，宜设置引致条款指向单行法的规定。

英文摘要:

      Under the background of environmental codification, whether biosecurity is included in Environmental Code has become an urgent problem to be solved. In terms of the concept of biosecurity, international law adopts a narrow concept and domestic law adopts a broad concept. Judging from the relationship between any concept and environmental law, the “incorporation” of biosecurity seems to be a false proposition. However, the difference between international law and domestic law of the concept of biosecurity contains the conceptual connotation of biodiversity protection and maintaining the sustainable development of ecosystem, which establishes a bridge between biosecurity and Environmental Code. The lack of specific legislation in the specific field of biosecurity and the need for the systematization of Environmental Code determine that biosecurity must be incorporated into the Environmental Code. The relationship between biosecurity and environmental protection and the existing domestic and international legislation make it possible for biosecurity to be incorporated into the Environmental Code. At present, the concept of biosecurity stipulated in domestic law determines that it cannot be fully incorporated into the Environmental Code. It can only screen biosecurity matters that are aimed at protecting biodiversity and ecological balance and belong to the traditional core field of Environmental Law and be incorporated into the natural ecological protection series in an embedded way. For biosecurity matters that cannot be covered by the Environmental Code, it is appropriate to set up a leading clause to point to the provisions of a separate law.