基于“权额分立”理念的碳排放权性质与相关概念审视

Nature of Carbon Emission Trading Rights and Examination of Relevant Concepts: Based on the Ideology of “Rights-Quotas Separation”

中文关键词:  碳达峰  碳中和  碳排放权  碳排放配额

英文关键词:carbon peak  carbon neutrality  carbon emission rights  carbon emission quotas

中文摘要:

      碳排放交易是推动碳减排，实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要政策工具。为提高碳排放交易市场的规范化管理与运营，生态环境部加快了推动碳排放交易市场法治化的步伐。然而《碳排放权交易管理办法（试行）》中用碳排放额度来解释碳排放权，直接影响了学界对碳排放权的性质定位。碳排放权和碳排放配额在碳排放交易机制中所发挥的功能并不相同，有必要确立“权额分立”的理念对碳排放权的性质进行重新检视。在“权额分立”理念下，剥离碳排放配额的碳排放权仅作为一种行政许可权存在，碳排放配额则具有物权性质，两者互不影响。作为行政许可权的碳排放权不具有可交易性，因此，在规范文件中以“碳排放交易”取代“碳排放权交易”较为稳妥；另在碳排放权的概念界定中也应当与碳排放配额相区分。

英文摘要:

      Carbon emission trading is an important policy tool to promote carbon emission reduction and achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In order to improve the standardized regulation and operation of the carbon emission trading market, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has stepped up the pace of promoting the rule of law for carbon emission trading markets. However, we have found that there is no separation of emission rights and quotas in the interpretation of the concept of carbon emission rights in the Administrative Measures for Carbon Emission Trading (for Trial Implementation). This has not only directly affected the theoretical characterization of carbon emission rights and quotas, but also given rise to “valuing rights and ignoring quotas” at research level. Under the “Rights-Quotas Separation” idea, carbon emission rights stripped of carbon emission quota are only of administratively permitted rights, while carbon emission quotas are of property right nature, and they both do not affect each other. Carbon emission rights are not tradable, so it is necessary to replace “carbon emission rights trading” with “carbon emission trading” in the above Measures. It is also necessary to seperate carbon emission rights and carbon emission quotas while defining carbon emission rights.