我国空间规划体系的整体演进历程解析——基于时空演进系统过程的分析框架

On the Evolution of Spatial Planning System in China Since 1949: An Analysis Framework Based on Space-Time Systematic Process

中文关键词:  空间规划体系  国土空间规划  空间干预  国家治理  演进历程

英文关键词:spatial planning system  territorial spatial planning  spatial intervention  national governance  evolution process

中文摘要:

      本文从国家视域角度对不同阶段我国空间规划的整体演进加以解析。空间规划体系演进本质上是在主导价值取向、社会经济模式、国家治理体系等整体背景环境的影响下，人（群）的需求/目标诉诸一系列有组织的空间治理工具，对地域空间系统进行综合干预的一个时空演进过程。我国空间规划体系的历程解析需要重点关注“社会经济阶段及国家战略导向—国家治理体系的整体安排与调整—地域空间特征与变化引致的治理尺度更易”所联立的三大子过程。研究发现，纵观1949年后我国空间规划体系的演变历程，规划的功能定位从单一工具向多类型的复杂工具体系发展；规划干预和空间治理的目标与任务也从开发建设导向变为开发保护兼顾，进而强调多元平衡和优化。而这一过程深受国家治理体系和战略取向的塑造，即由国家基本建设转变为以经济建设为中心，由社会经济调控向社会经济生态综合调整转变。

英文摘要:

      On the national horizon, this article conducts a systematic analysis of spatial planning system evolution process across different historic stages since 1949 in China. The research firstly points out that the essence of spatial planning is a space-time systematic process that people/society demands and aims resort to a sequence of organized spatial governance instruments to achieve comprehensive intervention on the territorial system people settled down. The point is such process can never happen independently from one’s socio-economy mode, national governance system, as well as predominant value orientation. Thus, the analysis focuses on the following three key sub-process defined in the article, namely the “Socio-economic stages transition along with national strategy axis”, the “National governance system arrangement and transition”, and the “Governance scale altering brought by the transition of territorial space”. The analysis finds out that: throughout the spatial planning system evolution in China, the function of planning has evolved from singular instrument into a multiple instrument system; the aims and axes of planning intervention and spatial governance have evolved from development orientation to development-conservation balanced orientation, then into a multiple dynamic aims equilibrium mode. All the above are deeply shaped by the changing process of national governance system plus national strategy axis, the former has evolved from state building stage to economy centered stage, the latter from socio-economical regulation stage to the comprehensive eco-socio-economical multiple regulation stage.