比较法视域下我国环境影响评价程序构造的流变与省思

The Evolution and Reflection of China’s Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure Structure from the Perspective of Comparative Law

中文关键词:  环境影响评价  独立型  前置型  程序构造

英文关键词:environmental impact assessment  independent procedure type  pre procedure type  procedure structural

中文摘要:

      我国最初创设的环境影响评价程序构造是将美国“独立程序型”设计理念嵌入具有行政法色彩的“前置程序型”模式下，形成了具有中国特色的“独立＋前置型”构造模式。实践中，其成效与争议并存。随着“放管服”改革的推进，《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》围绕行政审批事项进行了多处调整与修正，这些变革使已然成型且日渐成熟的“独立＋前置型”程序构造随之转向，由此也引发了诸多争论。对此，本文基于不同程序构造模式的特点及我国环境影响评价程序构造的生成与流变，解析现行模式下的缺漏不足，并建议我国应从“环境影响评价审批”与“项目许可”之间的联动衔接、环境影响评价资讯与公众参与、评价过程及其结论的监督与救济等方面加以优化和完善。

英文摘要:

      The initial establishment of China’s environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedural framework integrated the design concept of the “independent procedural model” from the United States into the “preliminary procedural model” with administrative law characteristics, resulting in a distinctive “independent + preliminary” procedural framework with Chinese characteristics. In practice, its effectiveness and controversies coexist. With the advancement of the “streamlining administration and delegating power” reform, the Environmental Impact Assessment Law has undergone multiple adjustments and revisions concerning administrative approval matters. These reforms have caused the well-established and increasingly mature “independent + preliminary” procedural framework to shift, consequently leading to numerous debates. In light of this, based on a comparative analysis of the characteristics and rationality of different procedural frameworks and the evolution of China’s EIA procedural framework, this paper examines the deficiencies and shortcomings of the current model, and suggests optimization and improvement in areas such as the linkage between EIA approval and project permits, EIA information and public participation, as well as the supervision and remedies for the evaluation process and its conclusions.