国土空间规划视角下流域水环境改善潜力——以长春市第二松花江流域为例

Improvement Potential of Basin Water Environment from the Perspective of Territorial Spatial Planning: A Case Study of the Second Songhua River Basin in Changchun

中文关键词:  国土空间规划  流域水环境  社会经济  系统动力学模型  QUAL2K

英文关键词:territory spatial planning  basin water environment  social economy  system dynamics model  QUAL2K model

中文摘要:

      国土空间规划对新时期流域水环境保护意义重大。本文结合国土空间规划对流域水环境影响的全过程（污染产生—污染排放—污染入河）机制，构建了国土空间规划视角下流域水环境变化评估指标体系和框架。以长春市第二松花江流域为例，利用系统动力学模型和一维水动力模型QUAL2K量化了国土空间规划对流域水环境的影响。结果表明，到国土空间规划近期目标年（2025年），流域水环境状况良好，体现为流域大部分河段COD和NH₃-N达标，水环境容量最小为44.96 kg/d和5.10 kg/d。国土空间规划中的总量目标、环保设施建设和相关布局的实施将会使COD和NH₃-N污染产生量降低52.61%和14.16%；污染排放量降低26.45%和59.09%；水环境容量增加10.68%和57.17%。总体而言，国土空间规划对流域水环境改善潜力巨大，同时改善潜力因不同区域、污染源、污染物而异。本研究提出的评估框架为国土空间规划背景下流域水环境保护提供了思路。

英文摘要:

      Territorial spatial planning is of great significance to the protection of watershed water environment in the new era. This paper tracked the whole process (pollution generation-pollution discharge-pollution into the river) mechanism of the impact of territorial spatial planning on the water environment of the basin. And an evaluation framework of water environment change in the basin under the background of territorial spatial planning was proposed. The Second Songhua River Basin in Changchun was taken as an example, the impact of territorial spatial planning (total amount target, environmental protection facilities construction, related layout) on water environment of the basin was evaluated by system dynamics model and QUAL2K model. The results showed that the water environment of the basin was in great condition in the near target year（2025） of the territorial spatial planning. The COD and NH₃-N in most reaches of the basin met the water quality standards, and the minimum water environment capacity was 44.96 kg/d and 5.10 kg/d. The implementation of the total amount target, environmental protection facilities and related layout reduced the COD and NH₃-N pollution production by 52.61% and 14.16%, reduced the pollution emissions by 26.45% and 59.09%, and increased the water environment capacity by 10.68% and 57.17%. In general, the territorial spatial planning had great potential for improving the water environment of the basin, and the improvement potential varied from different regions, pollution sources and pollutants. The evaluation framework proposed in this study provides a scientific idea for watershed water environment protection under the background of territorial spatial planning.