二氧化碳捕集利用与封存项目纳入碳市场的现状、挑战与对策

Current Status, Challenges and Countermeasures for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Projects Linking Carbon Emission Trading Market

中文关键词:  碳中和  碳捕集、利用与封存  碳市场  自愿核证减排量  证书制度

英文关键词:carbon neutral  carbon capture, utilization and storage  carbon trading market  voluntary certified emission reductions  certification system

中文摘要:

      二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）被认为是燃煤和燃气电厂以及钢铁、水泥和石化等行业实现碳中和的重要技术选项，而碳市场则是重要的市场化减排机制，提高两者的衔接水平，对于我国“双碳”目标的实现具有重要意义。通过总结国际上CCUS项目与碳市场衔接的成功经验，可以为我国CCUS项目与碳市场衔接提供相关借鉴。本文系统梳理了国内外CCUS项目纳入碳市场的立法、激励政策、CCUS减排核算方法学研究情况，识别出我国在CCUS项目与碳市场衔接方面尚存在法律支撑不足、缺乏激励政策以及CCUS项目碳减排核算方法不准确等一系列问题，最后提出多项建议以推动我国CCUS项目与碳市场的衔接：①完善碳市场监管和法律体系，促进CCUS与碳市场衔接；②研判CCUS优先领域，分阶段促进不同行业CCUS项目纳入碳交易市场；③强化政策激励，打通CCUS与碳市场衔接的投融资与成本疏导路径；④分阶段完善碳交易市场建设，充分发挥碳市场金融属性促进CCUS与碳交易市场衔接；⑤建立完善的监测、报告和核查（MRV）标准体系和证书制度，保证CCUS项目减排量核证的准确性和规范性。

英文摘要:

      Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is considered as an important technology option for achieving carbon neutrality especially for coal-fired and gas-fired power plants, as well as in the steel, cement and petrochemical industries. The carbon emission trading market is an important market-based emission reduction mechanism, and improving the connection level of the two is important for the achievement of China’s dual carbon goals. This paper systematically reviews the legislation, incentive policies, and CCUS emission reduction accounting methodology of CCUS projects in the carbon market at home and abroad, and identifies a series of problems in the connection between CCUS projects and the carbon market in China, such as insufficient legal support, lack of incentive policies, and inaccurate carbon emission reduction accounting methods for CCUS projects. Finally, this paper proposes a number of recommendations to improve the connection between CCUS projects and the carbon market: ① improve the carbon market supervision and legal system, and thence promote the convergence of CCUS and carbon market; ② identify the CCUS priority areas and promote the integration of CCUS technology of different industries into the carbon trading market in stages; ③ strengthen policy incentives to open up the path of investment, financing and cost diversion for the interface between CCUS and the carbon market; ④ improve the construction of carbon trading market in stages, fully leverage the financial attributes of the carbon market to promote the connection between CCUS and the carbon trading market; ⑤ establish a comprehensive monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) standard system and certificate system to ensure the accuracy and standardization of the certification of emission reductions from CCUS projects.