碳达峰碳中和目标下固体废物治理的法律因应

Legal Response of Solid Waste Management Under the Goal of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality

中文关键词:  碳达峰  碳中和  固体废物  处置

英文关键词:carbon peak  carbon neutrality  solid waste  disposal

中文摘要:

      我国在联合国大会上提出了“2030年碳达峰2060年碳中和”的目标。为达成此目标，固体废物治理领域也需要积极作出响应。固体废物治理体系的核心是固体废物的处置。不同的固体废物处置方式有着不同的碳排放结果，填埋或焚烧方式处置所排放的温室气体量都远大于循环利用的方式。应以固体废物领域碳排放统一核算制度为基石，从推进政策实施和立法修改等的多个层面上去因应。立法面向上，《固体废物污染环境防治法》《清洁生产促进法》《循环经济促进法》乃至编纂中的“环境法典”都应当围绕减碳模式的固体废物处置方式改进和制定相关法律规范；制度建设面向上，以固体废物碳排放强制核算法律制度建设为主，通过碳排放强制核算制度规范相关主体及其权利义务关系并深度挖掘固体废物处置的碳减排潜力。

英文摘要:

      At the United Nations General Assembly, China proposed the goal of Carbon Peaking in 2030 and Carbon Neutrality in 2060. In order to achieve this goal, the field of solid waste management also needs to respond actively. The core of the solid waste management system is the disposal of solid waste. Different solid waste disposal methods have different carbon emission results. The amount of greenhouse gas emitted by landfill or incineration is far greater than that of recycling. In order to achieve the goal of Carbon Peak & Carbon Neutrality, a unified carbon emission accounting mechanism for solid waste disposal should be developed to promote enterprises to change their solid waste disposal methods and obtain more carbon emission reductions. And take this as the cornerstone to respond from multiple levels such as promoting policy implementation and legislative revision. On the side of Law, Solid Waste Law, Cleaner Production Promotion Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, and even the Environmental Code under compilation should be revised and formulated relevant rules around the carbon reduction mode of solid waste disposal. On the side of the construction of the legal mechanism, it should mainly focus on the construction of the compulsory accounting mechanism for carbon emissions of solid waste, deeply exploit potentialities of the disposal of solid waste through the compulsory accounting mechanism for carbon emissions, and standardizing the rights and obligations of relevant subjects.