排污权交易政策的减排效应研究——基于中国省级数据的实证检验

Study on the Emission Reduction Effect of Emissions Trading Policies—An Empirical Test Based on Chinese Provincial Data

中文关键词:  排污权交易  倾向性匹配双重差分模型  污染物排放强度

英文关键词:emissions trading  propensity score matching difference in difference model  pollutant emission intensity

中文摘要:

      我国于2007年在12个省份推行排污权有偿使用和交易试点，为研究实践成效，本文将排污权交易试点政策视为一项准自然实验，基于2004—2021年30个省（区、市）的面板数据，使用倾向性匹配双重差分模型（ PSM-DID）方法评估排污权交易试点政策的环境效应。研究结果表明：排污权交易制度对化学需氧量、氨氮和二氧化硫三类污染物的排放均发挥显著的抑制效应；基于经济发达程度进行的异质性检验的结果表明，在经济发展水平相对较高的地区，排污权交易对三类污染物的减排效应更为明显，环境污染程度也反作用影响排污权交易制度的实施效果，在环境污染程度相对较低的地区，更有利于发挥排污权交易政策的减排作用；稳健性检验发现，排污权交易试点政策发挥了同期“两控区”和排污费政策以外的环境效应。综上，排污权交易试点政策已取得显著的减排效果，政府部门应完善排污权交易政策制度，注重排污权交易制度的异质效应，加强全社会环境保护工作的宣传引导，构建全国范围内有效规范的排污权交易市场。

英文摘要:

      China has implemented pilot projects for paid use and trading of emission rights in 12 provinces and cities since 2007. In order to study the practical effectiveness, this article treats the emissions trading pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment, based on a panel data of 30 provincial-level regions from 2004 to 2021, the PSM-DID method is used to evaluate the environmental effects of the emissions trading pilot policy. The research results show that the emissions trading scheme has a significant inhibitory effect on the emissions of three types of pollutants: chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and sulfur dioxide. The results of the heterogeneity test based on the degree of economic development show that in areas with relatively high economic development level, the emissions trading has more obvious emission reduction effect on the three types of pollutants, and the degree of environmental pollution also affects the implementation effect of the emissions trading scheme. In areas with relatively low environmental pollution levels, it is more conducive to exert the effect of emissions trading. The robustness test finds that the emissions trading pilot policy exerts environmental effects other than the“two control areas” and the pollution fee policy during the same period. In summary, the emissions trading pilot policy has achieved significant emission reduction effects. Government departments should improve the emissions trading policy system, pay attention to the heterogeneous effects of the emissions trading scheme, strengthen the publicity and guidance of environmental protection work in the whole society, and build a nationwide effective and standardized emissions trading market within the country.