生态连通性保护立法的理论与进路

Theories and Approaches of Legislation on Ecological Connectivity Conservation

中文关键词:  生态连通性 生物多样性 生态廊道 自然保护地 生态修复

英文关键词:ecological connectivity, biological diversity, ecological corridors, protected area, ecological restoration

中文摘要:

      生态连通性保护是实现全球生物多样性保护“3030目标”的关键，我国最新的生物多样性保护战略也提出了提升和增强生态连通性的要求。生态连通性的法律概念已经在多边条约框架下确立，域外国家受国际进程的影响在生态连通性方面的立法呈现出活跃趋势。现有立法例揭示了在这一领域不存在统一的范式，但国家层面的立法不可或缺。就我国而言，流域和区域生态环境保护法以及部分生物多样性保护的单行法关注到了恢复和增强生态连通性的法律需求，但缺乏正式的法律表达。基于现有的规范基础以及立法规划，生态连通性纳入我国的法律体系首先需要契合生物多样性保护立法的宏观框架，其次可以利用国家公园法的立法契机率先引入相关的法律概念与基本规范，最后需要适时推进生态廊道专项立法补足制度差距。

英文摘要:

      Ecological connectivity is key to achieving the “30x30 target” of Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. China’s latest biodiversity conservation strategy also calls for the enhancement and promotion of ecological connectivity. The legal concept of ecological connectivity has been established under the framework of multilateral treaties. As response to the international process, national legislation on ecological connectivity is becoming active. National legislation on ecological connectivity conservation has no unified paradigm, but legislation at national level is essential. In China, the needs for restoring and enhancing ecological connectivity have been noted in laws on the environmental protection of river basins and regions, as well as in some specific laws on biodiversity conservation. However, there is no formal legal expression of the term “ecological connectivity”. Based on the existing regulatory framework and legislative planning, ecological connectivity conservation can be incorporated into China’s legal system with following steps: firstly, the basic framework of biodiversity conservation legislation should be aligned with; secondly, the legal concept of ecological connectivity and some essential rules can be introduced in to the National Parks Law which is under enactment; and finally, special legislation on ecological corridors should be considered to fill the regulatory gaps.