气候变化应对、碳达峰碳中和与《生态环境法典》的编纂

Response to Climate Change, Carbon Peak and Neutrality, and Codification of the Code on Ecology and Environment

中文关键词:  生态环境法典  编纂 应对气候变化  碳达峰碳中和

英文关键词:Ecological  and Environmental  Code, codification, climate  change adaptation, carbon  peaking and  carbon neutrality

中文摘要:

      我国已启动《生态环境法典》编纂工作,在该法典中规定应对气候变化及碳达峰碳中和方面的内容已成学界共识。设置应对气候变化还是碳达峰碳中和编(章)更为科学目前还有争议。对比立法逻辑、适用范围、对外合作和立法实效,可发现设置应对气候变化编(章)更为科学合理。《生态环境法典》编纂时,可在总则编的立法目的、适用范围、基本政策、基本原则中统筹设置适用于应对气候变化工作的规范。在设计应对气候变化编(章)时,对本领域独特的基本原则、工作方针、基本政策、监管体制、工作要求、保障措施作出框架性规定,对碳资产、碳交易、碳税等作出法律定性和制度安排,并在气候变化减缓章(节)中对碳达峰碳中和作出规定。《生态环境法典》出台后,再根据需要制定专门的《应对气候变化法》及配套的法规和规章。

英文摘要:

      China has initiated the codification of the Code on Ecology and Environment, and it has become a consensus among academics to provide for climate change adaptation, carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the Code. It is still controversial whether it is more scientific to set up a part or chapter on climate change adaptation or carbon peak and carbon neutrality. By comparing the legislative logic, scope of application, international cooperation, and legislative effectiveness, it can be found that it is more scientific and reasonable to set up a part or chapter on addressing climate change. When codifying the Code, the legislative purpose, scope of application, fundamental policies, and fundamental principles of the General Provisions can be integrated to set up norms for responding to climate change. When designing the part or chapter on addressing climate change, it shall make framework provisions on the unique basic principles, work guidelines, fundamental policies, regulatory system, work requirements, and safeguard measures in this field, make legal characterization and institutional arrangements for carbon assets, carbon trading, and carbon tax, and make provisions on carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the part or chapter on mitigation of climate change. After the promulgation of the Code, a specialized Law on Response to Climate Change, as well as supporting rules and regulations, will be formulated as necessary.