论碳排放权的准物权属性

On the quasi-property nature of carbon emission rights

中文关键词:  碳排放权  准物权  自然资源  大气环境容量  碳市场交易

英文关键词:carbon  emission rights, quasi-property, natural  resources, atmospheric  environmental capacity, carbon  market transaction

中文摘要:

      健全碳排放权市场交易制度需要搭建一个全面、科学的法律属性理论体系。学界目前就碳排放权具备公、私法双重属性虽达成共识,但多数观点仅侧重表达其中的一个面向,而准物权说具备平衡公、私法属性的优势,却被诟病有“口袋权”之嫌。借助现有规范对准物权特征进行体系化总结,可发现准物权是针对自然资源由行政机关代表国家许可特定人“用益”的复合性权利。碳排放权的客体为大气环境容量,属于自然资源,且碳排放权具有用益物权的私法特征和基于行政许可而产生的公法特征,故可纳入准物权体系。此种准物权属性说符合立法趋势,有益于碳市场建设,亦具备指引司法实践的能力。

英文摘要:

      A robust market trading system for carbon emission rights necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive and scientific theoretical framework of legal attributes. While the academic community has reached a consensus on the dual attributes of public and private law for carbon emission rights, the majority of views are focused on expressing only one of these attributes. Quasi-property, which has the advantage of balancing the attributes of public and private law, has been criticized as potentially being a "pocket right". However, a systematic summary of the characteristics of quasi-property with the help of existing norms reveals that quasi-property are composite rights over natural resources that are licensed by administrative organs on behalf of the state to be "used for the benefit" of specific people. The objective of the carbon emission right is the capacity of the atmospheric environment, which belongs to the category of natural resources. The carbon emission right exhibits characteristics of both private law of usufruct and public law based on administrative license, thus justifying its inclusion within the system of quasi-property. Such quasi-property is consistent with the prevailing legislative trends, advantageous for the development of the carbon market, and possesses the capacity to influence judicial practice.