基于区块链的碳市场统一监管机制：中国发电行业的应用

A Blockchain-Based Unified Regulatory Framework for Carbon Markets: Implementation in China’s Power Generation Sector

中文关键词:  可再生能源  区块链技术  碳市场  监管机制

英文关键词:Keywords: Renewable Energy  Carbon Market  Regulatory Mechanism  Blockchain Technology  

中文摘要:

      为了实现“碳达峰和碳中和”减排目标，中国推出了碳排放权市场交易制度（简称碳市场）。然而，现阶段对碳市场交易仍缺乏高效准确的统一监管方案。基于此，本研究运用区块链“联盟链+跨链”技术，将可再生能源项目纳入发电行业的碳市场监管，设计了针对碳市场的统一备案与监管流程，并以火电行业的省级碳监测（MRV）系统为案例，通过多维度的模拟实验测试了模型的实际运行效果，以期解决碳市场监管不透明、信息不对称和交易安全性问题。研究结果表明，该模型有效地链接了以往隔离的碳市场和能源交易区块链，提高了碳市场交易和监管的效率。此外，该模型通过确保可再生能源项目的透明记录和验证，支持这些项目更顺利地接入国家碳市场。研究为我国发电行业提供了一种创新的碳市场监管工具，该工具通过提升政策透明度和监管效率，有助于推动碳排放减少和能源结构优化。

英文摘要:

      To achieve the emission reduction goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, China has launched the carbon emission rights market trading system (referred to as the carbon market). However, at the present stage, there is still a lack of an efficient and accurate unified regulatory plan for carbon market transactions. Based on this, this study employs the blockchain “consortium chain + cross-chain” technology to incorporate renewable energy projects into the carbon market supervision of the power generation industry. A unified filing and supervision process for the carbon market is designed. Taking the provincial carbon monitoring (MRV) system of the thermal power industry as a case, the actual operation effect of the model is tested through multi-dimensional simulation experiments. To solve the problems of opaque supervision, information asymmetry and transaction security in the carbon market. The research results show that this model effectively links the previously isolated carbon market and energy trading blockchain, improving the efficiency of carbon market trading and supervision. Furthermore, this model supports renewable energy projects to access the national carbon market more smoothly by ensuring transparent documentation and verification of these projects. The research provides an innovative carbon market regulatory tool for China's power generation industry. This tool helps promote carbon emission reduction and energy structure optimization by enhancing policy transparency and regulatory efficiency.