结构失衡与风险治理韧性提升：中国环境社会治理的政策体系困境与重构路径

Structural Imbalance and Risk Governance Resilience Improvement: Dilemmas and Reconstruction Paths of China’s Environmental Social Governance Policy System

中文关键词:  环境社会治理  政策体系  环境社会风险  韧性治理

英文关键词:environmental social governance  policy system  environmental social risks  resilient governance

中文摘要:

      在当前环境社会风险形势依然严峻、美丽中国建设对环境治理效能提出更高要求的背景下，环境社会治理政策的健全与优化，成为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化与夯实生态文明制度根基的重要议题。本文以环境社会风险防范化解为导向，聚焦环境社会治理政策，综合运用政策文献量化分析、历史演进分析及文本分析等方法，系统探究我国环境社会治理政策的演进轨迹、结构困境与效能瓶颈。研究发现，我国环境社会治理政策历经从意识启蒙、事件倒逼到战略引领与内生构建的演进过程，其体系仍呈现“强政府—弱社会”的非均衡架构，存在高位法缺失、协同不足、社会赋能有限、预见机制滞后等突出问题，难以有效应对系统性、跨域性风险挑战。基于此，本文聚焦“韧性治理”理念，提出推进环境社会治理政策体系整体性重构，以完善政策体系来提升风险治理韧性，以法治与顶层设计为基石，以政策协同与系统集成为路径，以社会赋能与智慧应用为支撑，旨在为匹配“美丽中国”建设需求，构建科学完备、协同高效的环境社会治理体系提供理论支撑与实践路径。

英文摘要:

      In the current context of persistently severe environmental and social risks and the higher demands for environmental governance efficacy under the “Beautiful China Initiative”, the improvement and optimization of environmental social governance policies have emerged as crucial topics in advancing the modernization of the national governance system and capacity, as well as consolidating the institutional foundation of ecological civilization. Guided by the objective of preventing and resolving environmental social risks, this study focuses on environmental social governance policies and employs a combination of quantitative policy literature analysis, historical evolution analysis, and text analysis to systematically explore the evolutionary trajectory, structural dilemmas, and effectiveness bottlenecks of China’s environmental social governance policies. The study reveals that China’s environmental social governance policies have evolved through stages from awareness enlightenment, incident-driven responses to strategic guidance and endogenous construction. Nevertheless, the current system still exhibits an unbalanced “strong government - weak society” structure, with prominent issues such as the absence of high-level legislation, insufficient coordination, limited social empowerment, and lagging predictive mechanisms, making it difficult to effectively address systemic and cross-regional risk challenges. Based on these findings, this paper adopts the concept of “resilience governance” and proposes an integrated reconstruction of the environmental social governance policy system. By improving the policy system, it aims to enhance the resilience of risk governance, with legal frameworks and top-level design as the cornerstone, policy coordination and systematic integration as the approach, and social empowerment and intelligent applications as the support. This paper aims to offer theoretical support and practical paths for establishing a scientific, comprehensive, coordinated and efficient environmental social governance system that meets the requirements of the “Beautiful China Initiative”.