论公司成员环境民事责任的承担——以《生态环境法典（草案）》第一千零五十九条的具体适用为中心

On the Assumption of Environmental Civil Liability by Corporate Members—Centered on the Application of Article 1059 of the Draft Ecological and Environmental Code of the People’s Republic of China

中文关键词:  生态环境法典  公司成员  环境事故  环境民事责任  组织法逻辑

英文关键词:ecological and environmental code  corporate members  environmental accidents  environmental civil liability  organizational logic of company law

中文摘要:

      《生态环境法典（草案）》第一千零五十九条在强化公司承担环境法律责任方面具有重要创新意义，其一方面要求公司对污染环境、破坏生态承担责任，另一方面又为公司成员在“环境污染、生态破坏事故”情形下预留承担环境法律责任的空间。但由于其高度概括性的规范属性，对公司内部成员承担环境民事责任的具体形态及裁判规则等还需在未来的司法解释或司法适用中予以明确，并与公司法律制度、环境侵权法律规范等进行有效衔接，实现整体法律制度体系的协调和自洽。在公司法律生态化的发展背景下，公司利益与环境利益已经发生耦合，应当以此为基础重新厘定公司内部成员承担环境民事责任的法理基础，并结合环境侵权原理与组织法分析路径，区分公司成员在环境污染事故中的责任大小及其在公司决策中的作用、身份等因素，对责任要件进行综合性的类型化分析，以明确该条文的具体适用范围及规则。

英文摘要:

      Article 1059 of the Draft Ecological and Environmental Code introduces significant innovations in strengthening corporate environmental liability. On the one hand, it requires companies to bear responsibility for environmental pollution and ecological damage; on the other hand, it provides space for corporate members to assume environmental legal liability in cases involving“environmental pollution” or“ecological damage accidents.” However, due to the highly abstract nature of this provision, the specific forms of environmental civil liability borne by internal corporate members, as well as the relevant adjudicatory rules, will need to be further clarified in future judicial interpretations or judicial practice, and effectively coordinated with the company law regime and environmental tort norms so as to ensure coherence and internal consistency within the broader legal system.In the context of the ecologicalization of company law, corporate interests and environmental interests have already become interlinked. On this basis, it is necessary to recalibrate the jurisprudential foundation for internal corporate members’ environmental civil liability, and, by drawing upon environmental tort principles and organizational law analytical frameworks, distinguish corporate members’ degrees of responsibility in environmental pollution incidents, as well as their respective roles and statuses in corporate decision-making. A comprehensive typological analysis of the constituent elements of liability is therefore required to clarify the concrete scope and rules of application of this article.